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Biomedical subjects

R Raghavan

Publications and source records attributed to R Raghavan.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Systemic fungal infections in south Indian infants.

Systemic fungal infections were identified in 13 of 1468 necropsies of infants dying in the 1st year of life in a south Indian hospital. Candidiasis was present in 11 infants, most often as pneumonia or enteritis. Spread to other organs occurred in four cases. Intestinal candidiasis was associated with zygomycosis of the intestine in one infant and with aspergillosis of the lungs and intestine in another. One case of aspergillosis of the myocardium and one of gastric zygomycosis were also diagnosed. Septicaemia, broad spectrum antibiotic therapy, surgery and congenital abnormalities, including immune deficiencies, were important predisposing factors.

Aspergillosis↗
PubMed1987

Fungal and nocardial infections of the kidney.

This report describes 16 cases of candidiasis, seven of aspergillosis, four of mucormycosis, two of cryptococcosis and one of nocardiosis in which the kidney was involved. Characteristic patterns of renal tissue injury were seen in each of these infections. Candida and nocardia caused microabscesses in the cortex and medulla. Tissue destruction was minimal with candidiasis and when present was confined to the papillary tips and produced only mild impairment of renal function. Aspergillus and mucor invaded blood vessels resulting in thrombosis and extensive necrosis of cortical and medullary tissue and most patients had clinical and biochemical evidence of renal disease. Cryptococcosis caused no tissue reaction or clinically evident renal disease in the two immunosuppressed patients studied.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Renal disease in adult Indians: a clinicopathological study of 2,827 patients.

Nephrotic syndrome was the commonest clinical presentation among 2827 consecutive adult Indian patients from whom adequate kidney biopsies were obtained for suspected renal disease. In 83 per cent of cases the nephrotic syndrome was due to minimal change disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, membranous usually secondary to tuberculosis or leprosy, was present in only 34 patients. Acute nephritis, the next most frequent clinical presentation, was due to diffuse endocapillary proliferative, crescentic or mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis in 88 per cent of cases, almost half of whom had elevated serum streptococcal antibody titres. Eosinophilia showed a highly significant association with diffuse endocapillary proliferative and mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis. Idiopathic IgA nephropathy was present in only 10, and antiglomerular basement membrane antibody disease in only one, of the 238 patients whose biopsies were studied by immunofluorescence. Complications of pregnancy accounted for 70 per cent of cases of cortical necrosis. Acute gastroenteritis, septicaemia, abortions, snake bite and allopathic and indigenous medicines were important causes of acute tubular necrosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A correlative study of etiology, clinical features and rectal mucosal pathology in adults with acute infectious diarrhea in southern India.

For detailed etiological studies we isolated invasive enteric bacterial pathogens in 16, non-invasive pathogens in 13 and no pathogens in 11 of 40 adults with untreated acute diarrhea of less than 5 days duration at a tertiary care hospital in southern India. It was possible to establish a system for the objective assessment of the clinical severity of illness. Hemorrhage in the rectal mucosal lamina propria. especially pericryptal, was a striking feature in rectal biopsies. This was associated with a vascular lesion with endothelial damage. The prevalence of the vascular lesion did not correlate with the etiological agents or the severity of the histological abnormality in the rectal mucosa. However, there was a good correlation between the presence of vascular abnormalities and clinical severity. While the vascular changes could be the result of non-specific trauma to the rectal mucosa due to diarrhea, it is suggested that they may have an as yet unknown role in determining clinical severity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experience with fungal infections affecting the heart in necropsies at an Indian hospital.

Twenty-one cases of fungal infection of the heart were encountered among 4000 necropsies performed in a South Indian hospital over a period of 20 years. All 5 cases of endocarditis due to infection with Aspergillus followed cardiac surgery, while the 4 cases of endocarditis due to Candida affected normal heart valves. Cardiac micro-abscesses secondary to fungal infections elsewhere were caused by Aspergillus in 5 cases and Candida in 4. A fibrosing granulomatous Aspergillus infection extended from the lungs to involve the base of the heart in 3 patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malignant cerebrovascular thromboembolization by phaechromocytoma.

We describe an unusual case of malignant thromboembolization within the aortic arch of a 56-year-old man who presented with a stroke. The uncommon source of this malignant embolus was an adrenal phaeochromocytoma which had permeated the inferior vena cava, metastasized into the pleural cavity and colonized the intimal surfaces of the aortic arch and carotid vessels. The relevant literature has been briefly reviewed.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗