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Biomedical subjects

R Reardon

Publications and source records attributed to R Reardon.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effects of long-term storage on potency of TM Biocontrol-1, the registered viral insecticide of Orgyia pseudotsugata (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae).

The article presents the results of bioassaying 39 samples of TM Biocontrol-1, a viral insecticide, from 10 different lots and various sizes of vacuum-sealed packages that were stored at -10 degrees C for 5-15 yr. This is the first study to present potency data for a registered virus product stored for this length of time. Laboratory bioassays in insects from the same colony from which the TM Biocontrol-1 was produced showed that the stored viral insecticide is still effective, although it lost approximately 30% of its effectiveness during storage. A direct correlation of this loss with the length of time in storage is not apparent. Bioassays also showed that there are significant differences in the susceptibility of Douglas-fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough), larvae from different geographic regions to OpMNPV (family Baculoviridae, genus Nucleopolyhedrovirus) infection. Package size did not affect the potency of stored TM Biocontrol-1. There were no clear, significant differences in the effectiveness among lots of TM Biocontrol-1 processed by different organizations.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Effects of long-term storage on the stability of OpMNPV DNA contained in TM Biocontrol-1.

Orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (OpMNPV) DNA was extracted from samples representing 10 lots of TM Biocontrol-1 stored at -10 degrees C for 5-15 years and digested with the restriction enzymes BglII, PstI, and SalI. DNA from the OpMNPV virus strain (MEM-75-STANDARD) used to produce the TM Biocontrol-1 lots was also extracted and digested. No restriction fragment length polymorphisms were observed in any of the samples and there was no evidence of DNA degradation. This indicates that long-term cold storage of TM Biocontrol-1 had no adverse effect on the quality of the OpMNPV DNA. In addition to the expected >23 kb OpMNPV DNA, extracts from lots 4a, 5b, and 6 contained 10 additional nucleic acid segments, ranging in size from 0.9 to 4.2 kb. The electrophoretic profile of these segments was characteristic of O. pseudotsugata cypovirus (OpCPV). RNase A/DNase I treatment showed that the nucleic acid contaminants were composed of RNA, suggesting that lots 4a, 5b, and 6 contained OpCPV as well as OpMNPV. Bioassay results have shown that there is a decrease in efficacy of stored TM-biocontrol-1, but this did not appear to be directly correlated with the length of time in storage.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Three clinical trials comparing xylitol- and sorbitol-containing chewing gums for their effect on supragingival plaque accumulation.

Studies have evaluated the effects of xylitol when administered in chewing gum, as a dietary substitute for sugar, in dentifrice and in mouthrinse. Three clinical trials were conducted to further investigate chewing gums containing xylitol or xylitol/sorbitol mixtures for their ability to reduce plaque accumulation when compared to a sorbitol containing gum. These studies all had two phases; supragingival prophylaxis with an assessment of plaque accumulation to be used for balanced assignment for the second phase, which assessed plaque regrowth following a second supragingival prophylaxis and various chewing gum regimens. In the first trial of xylitol/sorbitol versus sorbitol gum only, the combination gum had a significantly greater reduction in plaque growth. In the second trial, different regimens of chewing gums with xylitol/sorbitol and sorbitol alone were compared. The combined average of the plaque regrowth scores for the subjects chewing the xylitol/sorbitol gum was significantly better than that for the sorbitol gum alone. The final trial evaluated two regimens in two forms (stick and pellet) of a xylitol gum versus a sorbitol gum. Both xylitol-containing gum forms were statistically superior to the sorbitol gum in retarding plaque regrowth.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Memory processes and hypochondriacal tendencies.

Students with high and low Scale 1 (hypochondriasis scale) responses on the MMPI reported health-related and nonhealth-related events about themselves or about a close friend and then listened to tapes of others doing the same. Memory after 1 week was identical for the two groups, but identification of the origin of a memory varied with Scale 1 responses. Low Scale 1 subjects made fewer confusions than high Scale 1 subjects when distinguishing between memories about their health and the health of a friend or of a stranger. However, high Scale 1 subjects were at least as able to determine the origin of a memory as were normal subjects when the discrimination did not involve a memory about themselves. Interestingly, it does not appear that high Scale 1 individuals are particularly poor at monitoring the origin of health-related memories, but rather that normals are particularly good monitors in this domain.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1982

Field-dependence/independence and active learning of verbal and geometric material.

Field-independent individuals generally perform better on learning and memory tasks than field-dependent persons. One explanation for this superiority is that field-independent subjects take a more active approach to learning, while field-dependent subjects take a more passive, spectator approach. In the present study, field-dependent and independent subjects were asked to sort geometric and verbal material into pigeon holes according to category exemplars, forcing both groups to take an active role in learning. Subsequently, they were asked to recall the locations of the categories. Both groups excelled at the sorting task; however, field-dependent subjects were poorer at it. On the recall task, there was a continued superiority in performance by field-independent subjects. The results suggest that memory differences between the two groups cannot be reduced to active versus passive learning styles. To the contrary, active learning may interfere with the memory of field-dependent persons by increasing demands for processing.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does the ILMA make sense in HEMS?

As first reported by Brain(1) by the early 1980s, the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) represented a new approach to airway management. The LMA has been used to facilitate tracheal intubation by a variety of methods. In fact, the LMA has been used to intubate the patient with difficult tracheal access. A recent addition to this technique, the intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA), shown in Figure 1, first was proposed by Brain and coworkers in 1995.(1,2) Fig. 1. Components of the intubating laryngeal mask airway. An endotracheal tube may be passed through the airway tube. The ILMA incorporates the standard LMA cuff in sizes 3, 4, or 5, along with a metal airway tube and handle. The handle allows users to manipulate the device within the patient's airway. The airway tube component has a wider internal diameter and is shorter than the standard LMA tube. A silicone rubber bite block surrounds the upper portion of the stem.

Emergency Treatment↗