Does full inclusion offer an Rx for enhancing the education of minority deaf students?
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R Redding.
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Deaf children from ethnic, linguistic and racial minority backgrounds demonstrate significantly depressed achievement levels relative to their White deaf peers. Educators of deaf children and youth have had a tendency to accept the erroneous proposition that deafness in some ways precludes ethnic and racial minority group membership and status. This article describes some of the unique social and educational realities faced by Black and Hispanic children and their families in the northeastern United States and the similarities experienced by deaf Black and Hispanic children and their families. Implications concerning educational assessment, placement, student expectations, curriculum development, staffing and policy making are noted as are recommendations that resulted from the first national conference on Black and Hispanic deaf youth held in March 1989. Demographic data are also presented showing the growth and distribution in the population of minority deaf children, as well as the results of a survey indicating the dearth of minority personnel, board members and specialized programs in schools.
The voltage and duration of electrical rectangular pulsed stimuli needed to produce an F wave and a monosynaptic reflex (H wave) and the characteristics of these responses were recorded in clinically normal dogs. Optimal stimulus to produce H waves was 0.1 to 0.2 ms and less than 80 volts. F waves were variable in appearance and were most evident following 0.5 ms and 125 to 150 volt stimulation. F waves had shorter latency than comparable H waves.
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The problems of dyscommunication between physician and the dying patient are discussed. A personal encounter with cancer is shared. The experience helped the physician-author to communicate openly with his patients and to regard them as persons with needs for care, comfort, and reassurance.
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The avian environment contains among many antigens, the blood group substance P1-P1 antigen is present in certain Enterobacteriaceae found in bird droppings. Examples include Enterobacter, Klebsiella, E. coli, Enterobacter Haffniae and Proteus. P2 persons exposed to the avian environment may develop anti-P1 activity. A greater percentage of precipitins to bird antigens was found in P2 than in P1 persons. In P1 persons seven out of twenty-eight (25%) had precipitins to bird droppings. In P2 persons, ten out of thirteen (77%) had anti-P1 activity and nine out of thirteen (69%) had precipitins to bird droppings. This greater response in P2 persons may be explained by the constant stimulation of these persons lacking the P1 antigen that triggers more response with other antigens in addition to the P1 antige. In the study of immunological responses to inhaled antigens, the blood group of the patients should be determined in order to assess the importance of constant stimulation by foreign material in persons lacking some blood group antigens.
Phenobarbital was administered to pregnant rabbits, 7 to 10 days before the delivery of their fetuses at 27 to 30 days of gestation. There were no differences in body weight or wet or dry lung weights between control animals and phenobarbital-treated pups at similar gestational ages. The phospholipid content (PLC) of the alevolar wash was lower in the phenobarbital-treated group, but there was no difference in the lung tissue PLC between the treated and control groups. Phenobarbital-treated pups had higher opening pressures and fewer lamellar bodies than the control animals. These data suggest that phenobarbital may have an inhibitory effect on surfactant production and/or release.
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