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R Reifen

Publications and source records attributed to R Reifen.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of low- and high-fat, peptide-based diets on body composition and disease activity in adolescents with active Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND: The effect of nasogastric feeding with high- and low-fat, peptide-based diets on body composition and disease activity was studied in adolescents with active Crohn's disease. METHODS: Fourteen patients with active Crohn's disease (12 to 17 years) were fed exclusively through nasogastric feedings with two isocaloric, isonitrogenous, peptide-based diets, either with low- or high-fat content, for 3 weeks each in a randomized manner then were "crossed over" to the other diet for another 3 weeks of feeding. At the end of each 3-week period, urine and stools were collected for 72 hours for measuring energy absorption and nitrogen utilization (n = 6). Weight, height, triceps skin folds, fat free body mass, and disease activity were also monitored (n = 14). RESULTS: There was no difference in any parameter of energy absorption or nitrogen utilization between the two formulas irrespective of the order in which they were administered. The changes in nutritional parameters were also comparable with both formulas. There was a significant increase in weight, fat free body mass and triceps skinfold thickness during both the 3-week periods of feeding (p < .05). This was accompanied by a significant reduction in the pediatric Crohn's disease activity index (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Peptide-based diets may be useful in restoring the fat free body mass and improving the disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease. A high fat (high medium-chain triglycerides) diet did not offer any nutritional advantage over a similar but low-fat diet. The improvement in disease activity during feeding with a low-fat diet was comparable to that with a high-fat diet. The improvement in disease activity seems to be associated with improvement in lean body mass irrespective of the type of diet used to achieve it.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of parenteral nutrition on oral intake.

Oral intake following a high density oral supplement (preload) is lower than that after a low density preload. We studied a similar effect of parenteral nutrition on oral intake. Twelve neurologically intact children (8-16 yr) with orthopedic problems and no concurrent illness were included in the study. As part of the inclusion criteria, all patients had documented energy intake for breakfast of +/- 10% on 3 consecutive days. On the fourth day parenteral nutrition equal to 50% of the mean energy intake for breakfast was provided for 4 hours before breakfast and energy intake measured. The composition of the parenteral energy was matched with that of the oral intake. The mean oral energy intake without (470 +/- 90 kcal) and with (458 +/- 64 kcal) parenteral nutrition preload was comparable (p > 0.05). Our conclusion is that parenteral nutrition does not affect oral intake in patients without underlying gastrointestinal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary free cortisol (UFC) values in newborns under stress.

UNLABELLED: Children with adrenocortical insufficiency are commonly instructed to increase three to five times baseline glucocorticoid replacement dose during periods of stress such as surgery or febrile illness. The present study was undertaken to determine whether these recommendations reflect the actual change in urinary free cortisol (UFC) output during stress in neonates and to test the effect of stress on the diurnal variation of cortisol in this age group. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Twenty-four hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) excretion was determined in 75 neonates during the first 2 days of life. Thirty were healthy and 45 were neonates with respiratory distress. In 60 babies the 24-h UFC was collected in 6-h fractions for the determination of diurnal variation of urinary cortisol. RESULTS: The mean change in UFC was 4.5 times higher in the sick babies than in the controls. A distinct diurnal variation of UFC was noted in both healthy and sick babies. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast with previous publications a distinct diurnal pattern was noted in the majority of neonates.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of apoptosis, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and p53 protein in chemically induced colon cancer in rats fed corncob fiber treated with the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus.

The role of apoptosis, proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and p53 protein in the preventive effects of dietary fiber treated with the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus on rat-colon tumorigenesis was studied. Tumors were induced by five subcutaneous injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), 20 mg/kg rat, once a week. Rats were fed a semi-synthetic fiberfree diet (control) or a high-fiber diet (15%) derived from corncob treated or non-treated with the fungus. The rats we sacrificed 24 weeks after the first carcinogenic injection. The fungus treated corn-cob significantly decreased tumor incidence (to 26%) as compared to 44% and 57% in the other dietary groups. The apoptotic index (AI) significantly decreased in malignant tissue as compared to non-tumorous tissue. PCNA and cytoplasmic content of p53 protein exhibited an increasing trend in malignant tissue as compared to benign tissue (at 15% and 18%, respectively). The fungus-treated corncob significantly increased the content of p53 in the cell cytoplasm (to 33%) and its serum levels in tumor-bearing rats (to 38%). The cellular concentration of PCNA decreased to 61% in tumors obtained from rats fed the fungus-treated corncob as compared to controls. A high positive correlation was found between tumor grade and p53 protein in the serum (r = 0.97) or in the cell cytoplasm (r = 0.77) and between tumor grade and PCNA (r = 0.81). An inverse relationship was found between tumor grade and AI (r = -0.63). We found that 15% of corncob fiber alone seems not to be enough to prevent chemically induced tumorigenesis. The corncob fiber (15%) treated with the fungus had a significant protective effect against DMH-induced rat colon cancer, even at 15% and this effect was accompanied by the activation of some cellular mechanisms such as apoptosis, PCNA and p53 protein activation. Incubation of corncob with the fungus Pleurotus os, increased the dietary fiber content up to 78%. Thus corncob inhibits colon cancer development, and, therefore, may considered of potential use to the public.

1,2-Dimethylhydrazine↗