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Biomedical subjects

R Reig

Publications and source records attributed to R Reig.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Efficiency of tazobactam as inhibitor of beta-lactamases, combined with piperacillin, against resistant strains to this penicillin].

We studied the efficacy of tazobactam (YTR 830), a new beta-lactamase inhibitor in combination with piperacillin (P) against 198 Enterobacteriaceae strains. A comparative study of susceptibility (MIC determined on Mueller Hinton agar; inoculum 10(4) cfu) was made with the combination amoxicillin (A) + clavulanic acid (CA). Of 181 strains resistant to P, 79.56% were susceptible to it in the presence of tazobactam (TZ). The characteristics of the beta-lactamases of 37 strains resistant to P + TZ (MIC greater than 40 micrograms/ml) were studied; 11 were hyperproducers of chromosomic beta-lactamase and 7 produced two types of plasmidic beta-lactamase. The MICs of TZ alone were uniform and high (64-128 micrograms/ml), independently of the characteristics of the strains beta-lactamase. Of 17 strains susceptible to P, the efficacy of P + TZ was significant among carriers of plasmidic beta-lactamase; there was practically no change in the P susceptibility among the non carriers. The efficacy of P + TZ was similar to that of A + AC against E. coli strains; it was higher against strains of Enterobacter, Citrobacter and Serratia.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1989

Fatal mushroom poisoning in Barcelona, 1986-1988.

In 1986-88, 46 poisonings (4 of which were fatal) caused by amatoxin mushroom were reported. The fatalities were males aged between 7 and 65 years. They all had gastrointestinal symptoms and three of the patients died of acute hepatic insufficiency. The fourth died as a result of an intestinal perforation. The clinical and pathological alterations are compared with the findings of other authors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Genetic relatedness of antibiotic resistance determinants in multiply resistant Hemophilus influenzae.

Antimicrobial resistance determinants and plasmids present in 10 multiply antibiotic-resistant strains of Hemophilus influenzae isolated from patients in different geographic regions of Spain were characterized. Conjugative plasmids with molecular sizes of 38-50 MDa encoded resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. Trimethoprim resistance was not linked to the other antibiotic resistance determinants and trimethoprim-resistant transconjugants and transformants lacked detectable plasmid DNA, suggesting that this determinant is chromosomal. Restriction endonuclease analysis revealed similarities among the plasmids, but several restriction patterns could be distinguished. Three hybridization patterns were found with DNA probes coding for H. parainfluenzae beta-lactamase and chloramphenicol-acetyltransferase. Resistance to kanamycin was due to drug modification by aminoglycoside-phosphotransferase (3')I. In Spain, it appears that multiple antibiotic resistance phenotypes in H. influenzae did not arise from acquisition of a single R plasmid; rather, both plasmid and chromosomal resistance evolved independently from several sources.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1989

Activity of amoxycillin/clavulanate against beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.

We studied the susceptibility to the amoxycillin/clavulanate combination (2:1), and the characteristics of the beta-lactamases, of 1410 amoxycillin-resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae (785 of Escherichia coli and 625 of Klebsiella spp.). Of the E. coli strains, 97.07% were susceptible to the combination and 98.85% produced plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases. Of the Klebsiella spp. strains, 87.84% were susceptible to the combination and 75.36% produced plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases. In both cases, the differences in MIC values, according to the characteristics of the beta-lactamases of the strains, were statistically significant. Of the 99 strains of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. that were not inhibited by amoxycillin 16 mg/l with clavulanate 8 mg/l, 19 hyperproduced chromosomal beta-lactamase; five produced a plasmid-type beta-lactamase as well. Fifty-seven strains produced two plasmid-type beta-lactamases.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMed1989

Death due to hydrofluoric acid.

A case of death caused by an acid attack is presented. The victim, a young woman, was attacked by a person who threw acid onto her face. She reached the casualty department of a hospital where she died, a few hours later, from acute respiratory insufficiency due to the inhalation of acid vapors. The autopsy revealed severe chemical burns of her skin and lungs, with intense pulmonary hemorrhagic edema caused by the acid and its vapor. The subsequent chemical-toxicological analysis and the police investigation confirmed that death was due to hydrofluoric acid.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

[Paraquat poisoning: clinical and anatomopathologic aspects in 3 cases].

3 cases of suicide due to ingestion of 150, 200 and 4 gr. of paraquat, respectively, are presented. Two of them were brothers and agricultural industrialists, the other one was a farmer. The first two cases died 16 and 10 hours after intake. The farmer died 21 days after ingestion. All of them had progressive hypoxemia and renal failure the two brothers had heart conduction system glycemia (23 mg/dl) a few hours after ingestion. The postmortem study showed edema, hemorrhage and congestion of the lungs, alveolitis, fibrosis and lobar atelectasia; renal tubular necrosis adrenal necrosis; colestasia; hepatic steatosis focal miocarditis. The clinical evolution, particularly short in the first two patients, is commented on, as well as the post-mortem findings, comparing them with those described in the literature. Finally, due to the high toxicity of this herbicide, we insist in prompt transport to herbicide, we insist in prompt transport to the hospital in order to apply early treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Resistance caused by hyperproduction of chromosomal beta-lactamase in Pseudomonas aeruginosa].

From 120 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains selected for their slight susceptibility to ceftazidime (MIC greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) we studied the characteristics of beta-lactamases and their susceptibility to aminoglycoside and to beta-lactam antibiotics. The quantitative spectrum, chromosomic beta-lactamase hyperproduction and the isoelectric point of beta-lactamases were also studied as well as the MIC in solid medium, inoculum 5 x 10(4) cfu. About 14.7% of strains moderately susceptible to ceftazidime and 88.4% of those resistant, were hyperproducers of chromosomic beta-lactamases. All the strains were resistant to ureidopenicillins, cefotaxime and moxalactam, 55.8% to monobactams and 35% were also resistant to cefsulodine; all of them were susceptible to imipenem. In bacteria isolated from twelve patients a loss of susceptibility could be observed against ceftazidime and other beta-lactams. There was also an increase in chromosomic beta-lactamase production during the treatment with antibiotics.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1989

[Type TEM beta-lactamase activity in a Neisseria meningitidis strain].

We studied the beta-lactamase activity characteristics of a penicillin G resistant N. meningitidis strain (MIC = 8 micrograms/ml) isolated from a septicemic process, in an eleven month old girl, attended in the Sabadell Hospital (Barcelona). The beta-lactamase substrate profile was broad-spectrum (it hydrolyses penicillin G and cephaloridine) and the nitrocefin hydrolysis was inhibited by clavulanic acid. The analytical isoelectric focusing of the enzyme showed that the isoelectric point of the main band and, the secondary bands, were compatible with those of the type TEM-1 standard enzyme. We also obtained a positive DNA-DNA hybridization with the TEM-1 beta-lactamase (pBR322 plasmid).

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Disseminated intravascular coagulation and mesenteric venous thrombosis in fatal Amanita poisoning.

1. A case of fatal Amanita phalloides poisoning in a 14-year-old boy is described. 2. The patient presented severe acute liver dysfunction, disseminated intravascular coagulation and refractory hypoxaemia, and died on the 9th day after mushroom ingestion. 3. Post-mortem examination revealed mesenteric venous thrombosis, massive liver necrosis and haemorrhagic pulmonary alveolitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Incidence of strains producing plasmid determined beta-lactamases among carbenicillin resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A total of 1056 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from human clinical specimens from patients was collected from eight laboratories in order to study the frequency of plasmid-determined beta-lactamase producers and the different enzymes represented. The strains from each laboratory comprised consecutive, non-repeated, clinical isolates. In the 166 strains selected because they were carbenicillin resistant, the isoelectric points of the beta-lactamases were studied by means of analytical isoelectric focusing and the different types of plasmid-determined beta-lactamases identified. Seventy-five of the strains (45.18%) were plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase producers; the frequency varied among laboratories from 0% to 100%. Overall the most frequently identified beta-lactamase type was PSE-1 (49.34%) followed by TEM-1 (37.34%). The remaining carbenicillin-resistant strains did not produce plasmid-determined beta-lactamases.

Carbenicillin↗
PubMed1983

Plasmid-determined beta-lactamases identified in a group of 204 ampicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

Information is presented on the plasmid-determined beta-lactamases identified in 204 strains of ampicillin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The type most frequently identified was TEM-1 (in 85.3% of the strains), followed by SHV-1 (14.70%). Two types of plasmid-determined beta-lactamase were identified in 20 strains; in 18 of them one of the two was TEM-1 and in 13, SHV-1 (the TEM-1 + SHV-1 combination was observed in 12 strains). In the 41 Klebsiella strains the most frequently identified enzyme was SHV-1 (in 28 of the strains) and the proportion of strains with two plasmid-determined beta-lactamases was higher than in the other species studied.

Ampicillin↗