PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Reisfeld

Publications and source records attributed to R Reisfeld.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Azygos lobe in endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis.

BACKGROUND: Before the introduction of endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS) for the management of hyperhidrosis, anomalous azygos lobes of the lung were rarely encountered. When performing ETS, it is important to have knowledge of and be prepared to deal with this anatomical anomaly. METHODS: A database of 2,272 patients who underwent ETS was reviewed to determine the incidence of azygos lobe, describe the characteristics of patients with azygos lobe, and evaluate the outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty cases (0.9%) of azygos lobe were identified. Two distinctive variations were encountered, one in which proximal venous drainage was present (type 2) and one in which this downward drainage system did not exist (type 1). In type 2, the vein and veil must be retracted to obtain better exposure. All patients were treated endoscopically, without conversion to open thoracotomy. Palmar sweating was cured in all cases, and all of the patients reported satisfaction with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Azygos lobe occurs in 1% of the population and can make ETS more difficult. If the surgeon is prepared, there are effective techniques for performing the sympathectomy. The results are similar to those obtained in patients without this anatomical variation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for treatment of essential hyperhidrosis syndrome: experience with 650 patients.

Patients with essential hyperhidrosis (EH) syndrome may experience subjective suffering and social/occupational challenges. We examined the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive endoscopic surgery for treating EH. Single bilateral incisions, followed by endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS)-mediated bilateral ablation of the T2 sympathetic ganglia, were used to treat 650 patients with a primary diagnosis of palmar (90%) or facial hyperhidrosis (10%). Palmar and facial hyperhidrosis were resolved in 584 of 585 (>99%) and 62 of 65 (95%) patients, respectively. Surgery required less than 1 hour, and no patient experienced a life-threatening adverse event. Compensatory sweating was observed in 83% of patients and was considered mild or moderate in approximately 67% of those patients. Innovations in ETS have resulted in minimally invasive, highly efficient, safe treatment of EH. Surgery is minimally intrusive to patients, who were usually discharged within 2 hours after surgery and able to resume normal activities within 1 week.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Treatment of neuroblastoma patients with antiganglioside GD2 antibody plus interleukin-2 induces antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against neuroblastoma detected in vitro.

Therapy of neuroblastoma patients with interleukin (IL)-2 activates effector cells capable of lysing tumor cells in vitro. When tumor cells are pretreated with certain monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), these in vivo activated effectors show augmented tumor lysis via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). This study presents immunological analyses of serial blood samples from two refractory neuroblastoma patients who received combined in vivo therapy with murine anti-ganglioside GD2 monoclonal antibody 14.G2a and IL-2. These studies were designed to determine whether conditions that induce ADCC in vitro can be generated in vivo by combined therapy with IL-2 and MoAb. As shown previously, administration of IL-2 dramatically augments the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to mediate ADCC. In addition, we demonstrate here that sera, obtained 1 h after infusion of 14.G2a, provides an effective source of functional antibody for ADCC mediated by PBMC from healthy donors. Finally, effective ADCC-mediated killing of neuroblastoma target cells was also achieved in vitro following IL-2 plus 14.G2a treatment when patients' effector cells were combined with patients' serum, as the source of 14.G2a antibody. These results indicate that this combination of IL-2 and 14.G2a generates conditions within the peripheral blood of pediatric neuroblastoma patients that enable their own lymphocytes to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity sufficient to effectively kill neuroblastoma cells in vitro.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of effector cells in human antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity with murine monoclonal antibodies.

We examined purified human large granular lymphocytes, peripheral monocytes, and T cells for their ability to mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) with murine monoclonal antibodies. We also evaluated the effects of pretreatment of cells with interleukin 2 and interferon to augment ADCC activity. MB3.6, a murine monoclonal antibody directed against the GD3 ganglioside, induced high levels of ADCC. This ADCC was mediated predominantly, if not completely, by human killer cells (large granular lymphocytes) whereas other effector cell populations demonstrated no significant cytotoxic activity in 6- or 18-hr assays. The IgG2a an anti-melanoma antibody 9.2.27 generated low or no ADCC with most normal donors or melanoma patients. IL 2 was a very potent booster of ADCC activity. Interferon alpha also was effective, whereas interferon gamma did not augment but rather inhibited reactivity. We tested a large panel of antibodies of various isotype against colon carcinoma cells and found that gamma-3 isotype antibodies more frequently generated ADCC and produced higher levels of cytotoxic activity than did IgG1 or IgG2 antibodies. It appears that a variety of parameters can affect ADCC reactions, including the type of effector cell and its level of activation, the isotype of the antibody, and properties of the target cell line such as its susceptibility to lysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Trichobezoar: an uncommon pediatric problem.

Trichobezoar, the "hair-ball" occasionally found in the stomach of emotionally disturbed adults, particularly women, is an uncommon finding in the pediatric age group. The diagnosis often rests on the suspicion of the alert physician since most patients will not volunteer information about swallowing hair. The presence of a palpable upper abdominal mass associated with progressive intolerance to food, with weight loss and with weakness, and the roentgenographic appearance of a mass after a barium meal confirms suspicion. Treatment consists of laparotomy and gastrotomy to permit removal of the foreign material. Psychiatric assistance should be sought.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1966

Studies on human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. I. Biological and physicochemical properties of the pokeweed mitogen.

The saline extract from the roots of Phytolacca americana (pokeweed) possesses three biological properties; hemagglutinin, leukagglutinin, and mitogen. Fractionation and further purification on calcium phosphate column chromatography revealed that the biologically active substance was eluted in the front moving fraction with 0.05 M phosphate buffer pH 7.5. Analytical separation on polyacrylamide gels in disc electrophoresis yielded a single homogeneous band with an R(f) value of 0.43 containing all three biological activities. This fraction had an ultraviolet absorption spectrum similar to PHA, was stable to both periodate and mercaptoethanol treatment and gave a single band in double diffusion and immunoelectrophoretic analysis against the antibody prepared to the crude PWM saline extract. Absorption studies with red cells or stroma revealed that the hemagglutinin could be selectively removed without significantly altering the mitogen, whereas absorption with leukocytes resulted in loss of both the mitogenic and leukagglutinating activities.

Blood Cells↗