trnR-CCG is not unique to the plastid DNA of the liverwort Marchantia: gene identification from the moss Physcomitrella patens.
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Biomedical subjects
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The first mitochondrial-encoded gene of an archegoniate has been identified, cloned and sequenced. The cytochrome oxidase III gene (cox3) of the moss Physcomitrella patens consists of a 618 bp open reading frame with high homology (around 72%) to known cox3 sequences of higher plants. Nevertheless, it is a quarter shorter than these. The cox3 gene of P. patens contains no introns and reveals a G + C-content of 41.3%. The region containing the cox3 gene exists as a single copy in the mitochondrial genome as shown by restriction mapping. In the 5' flanking sequence a putative ribosome binding site and a putative secondary structure were found. Two main transcripts of 2.4 kb and 2.6 kb were detected indicating a complex mitochondrial transcription pattern possibly due to co-transcription. Additional open reading frames were found downstream from, as well as upstream of, the cox3 gene. In Western blots a polyclonal cox3 antibody from yeast detected one single band with an apparent molecular weight of 22 kDa.
A high throughput protocol was established to preserve 140,000 mutants of a moss, Physcomitrella patens, a model plant for functional genomics studies, over liquid nitrogen. Regarding the reliable long-term storage of diverse mutant phenotypes, as well as time and cost effectiveness, each working step was optimized: 1) plant preparation, 2) freezing regime, cryogenic conditions, 3) regrowth after thawing. A prerequisite for maximum regrowth was a 1-week preculture of chopped plant material on a supplemented medium prior to freezing. Cryo vials as preculture vessels resulted in identical regrowth rates, compared to petri dishes. The cryo vial type had a significant influence on regrowth rates. A cooling rate of - 1 degrees C/min down to - 35 degrees C with a 10 min holding time before transferring plants to - 152 degrees C was the most suitable freezing regime. This protocol allows a cryopreservation of 1100 plants during a 5-day working week, practicable by one person. For more than 650 cryopreserved mutants a maximum regrowth rate of 100 % was obtained, independently of mutant phenotypes.