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R Rohde

Publications and source records attributed to R Rohde.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Twenty-five years' experience in epidemiology and prophylaxis of epidemics at the Centre for Salmonella of Hamburg (author's transl)].

Salmonella-epidemiology has changed fundamentally since underdeveloped countries have entered international trade and export food-supplies which, due to less stringent controls, are already contaminated either in the countries of origin or in transit. This is shown by numerous case histories of food-poisoning. Multifarious causes of infection from imported food-stuffs are exposed and also the epidemiological consequences from latently infected fat-stock and poultry. Prophylactic measures and advice on preventive treatment are given. The progressive automation in many factories and plants, with aspirations to the highes-degree of efficiency, frequently hides potential sources of infection with a shining facade of chrome and plastic. In the planning and servicing of technical installations, which later may well prove to be a source of infection, sanitary experts are rarely consulted, or if so too late. This paper also emphasises the considerable influence of mass-tourism with the consequent introduction of exotic Salmonella serotypes, and also the potential danger of faeca contamination on motorway rest-stops.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Arizona bacteria (salmonella subgenus III), a rarely identified cause of food infections (author's transl)].

A report is given of the infection, described under the clinical picture of enteritis, of a one-year old Turkish child with Salmonella arizonae 61:k:1,5,7 (Arizona 26:29-30) which is largely adapted to sheep. It appears that, outside of the USA reports have not been published on infections with this species of Salmonella. Considering that reports on human infections with Salmonellae of the subgenus III (Arizona bacteria) have rarely been published, it was decided to deal with these Salmonellae in general, especially with their reservoirs, the clinical pathological pictures and the problems associated with the bacteriological diagnosis which is made on the basis of the ready splitting of lactose of numerous species of the Arizona group.

Food Contamination↗
PubMed1977

Toads as natural reservoir of salmonella.

The investigation conducted on 329 toads for the presence of Salmonella, Arizona and Edwardsiella revealed that 36.7% toads were intestinal carriers of Salmonella. None of the toads proved positive for Arizona and Edwardsiella. The Salmonella population (S. brijbhumi) in the intestines of 5 of the 27 toads ranged from 1.5 X 10(9) to 2.5 X 10(10) organisms per gram of faecal matter. Some of the serotypes viz: S. tel-hashomer, S. brijbhumi and S. goverdhan were recovered more frequently than others. An unnamed serotype (4, 12, 27:k:-) and S. goverdhan var 1 + (1,9,12:k:1,6), hitherto undescribed in the literature, have also been reported.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Occurrence of Salmonella in healthy snakes and snake cadavers- isolation of a new Salmonella species belonging to the sub-genus IV (S. IV 18:Z36, Z38:-) (AUTHOR'S TRANSL)].

Forty-seven isolation attempts performed with 20 fecal samples of exotic snakes yielded 27 Salmonella species belonging to the sub-genus I-IV. The majority of isolates (78.7%), however, was identified as sub-genus III (Arizona). The snakes under study were hold captured for less than one year (one part) or for longer than one year. Bacteriological investigations of the 7 snakes studied, repeated 7 to 21 months thereafter, revealed uniformly other Salmonella species in comparison to those found at primary examination. Necropsy investigations were performed with materials from 3 snakes. One Salmonella species (Arizona) was isolated from the colon of one snake presenting with massive necrotic enteritis. The results with blood, bile and other colon sections were negative. Several Salmonella species were found in the colon of two other snakes presenting with infiltrative and necrotic changes in the organs, but without any pathologic finding in the intestinal tract. A new Salmonella species belonging to the sub-genus IV (S. IV 18:Z36, Z38:-) was recovered from fecal sample of a Black Mamba (Dendroaspis polylepis) and another Cascabel snake (Crotalus durissus terrificus).

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Supplément No XIX to Kauffmann-White scheme (author's transl)].

In that supplement are given the characters of new Salmonella serotypes recognized in 1975 by WHO collaborating Centre for reference and research on Salmonella. Twenty-six belong to the sub-genus I, 10 to the sub-genus II, 9 to the sub-genus III and 1 to the sub-genus IV. A new H antigen phase 1(g,Z62) has been approved. Biochemical and antigenic variants of already known serotypes are described.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1976

[Comparative study of different nutrient media used for the isolation of Salmonella in routine laboratories].

For a comparative study on the merits of Selenit broth and Enterobacteriaceae-enrichment broth (EE-broth) by MOSSEL, the media were inoculated with 629 faecal cultures obtained from Salmonella carriers and contacts of a Salmonellosis sufferer. The Selenit broth incubated at 37 degrees C showed better results than the EE-broth incubated at 30 degrees C. After 24 hrs incubation plating was done on XLD-, SS-, and MACCONKEY-agarplates with the result that the XLD plate gave the highest yield of 21% isolations, followed by the SS-plate showing 17%, whilst the MACCONKEY-plate produced only 7%. In our routine laboratory the XLD-plate has now superseded the LEIFSON-plate and is used in parallel to the SS-plate after enrichment in Selenit-broth.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1976

Examination of the envelope antigen K1 in Yersinia enterocolitica which was identified as fimbriae.

The envelope antigen K1 found in the majority of Yersinia enterocolica (Y. ent.) strains belonging to the O group 10 as described by WAUTERS, was re-examined under the electron microscope, and identified as being fimbriae. These fimbriae envelop the bacterial cell with a dense fringe. Single filaments show a width of 2.5 to 1.7 nm whilst their length is variable, often many times the size of the bacterial cell. Fimbriated Y. ent. cultures do not form pellicle, and the haemagglutination test is negative. They are O and fimbriae agglutinable. Test results for the acknowledged 3 antigenic differences, i.e. agglutinability, agglutinin-binding capacity and agglutinogenic capacity showed that: 1. there is a certain thermo-lability as to the agglutinability. For its total suppression, half-an-hour's boiling at 120 degrees C of the culture fim+ is necessary. Chemical treatment of such a culture hardly impairs the agglutinability of fimbriae. 2. the agglutinin-binding (= absorbing) capacity of the fimbrial antigen is little affected by continuous heating, even up to 3 hrs. However, at least half-an-hour's boiling at 120 degrees C or alternatively chemical treatment with 50% alcohol or nHC1 practically destroys this ability. 3. The heating process has a significant and progressive effect on the agglutinogenic capacity of the Y. ent. fimbriae which is destroyed irrevocably after 30 mins. boiling at 120 degrees C. Chemical treatment hardly affects this character. It is recommended to use a formalised culture Y. ent. fim+ for the preparation of a specific Y. ent. fimbrial serum. For the elimination of O antibodies, this antiserum should be absorbed with a strain fim- of the same O group. Provided the strain was incubated at 37 degrees C, no H absorption is required, because Y. ent. strains do not form flagella at that incubation temperature.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

[Three new serotypes of Salmonella subgenus I and four serological variants (author's transl)].

The Salmonella strains described in this paper were isolated from clinical and environmental sources in Togo (West Africa). All strains belong to subgenus I of the genus Salmonella. 1. Salmonella kodjovi 47:c:-, Supplement No. XVII (1974), isolated from stool specimen 2. Salmonella dadzie 51:1, v:e, n, x, Supplement No. XVII (1974), isolated from stool specimen 3. Salmonella mono 4, 12:1, w:1, 5, Supplement No. XVII (1975), isolated from pig droppings 4. Salmonella chincol var. s-, monophas. 6, 8:g, m:-, Supplement No. XVIII (1975), isolated from lizard intestines 5. Salmonella chicago var. i+, 28:r, i:1,5, Supplement No. XVIII (1975), isolated from stool specimen 6. Salmonella havana var. s+, 36+, 13,23:f,g,s:-, Supplement No. XVIII (1974), isolated from stool specimen 7. Salmonella elisabethville var. 15+, 3,15:r:1,7, isolated from lizard intestines.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Profuse fimbriae conferring O-inagglutinability to several strains of S. typhi-murium and S. enteritidis isolated from pasta products. Cultural, morphological, and serological experiments.

During the last 2 years several O-inagglutinable Salmonella strains were isolated from pasta products the typing of which presented great difficulties. Serological and morphological tests (by electron microscope) revealed a fimbrial antigen which was thermolabile to a certain degree. This antigen represents (in corroboration of J.P. Dugiud) a special type of fimbriae of Salmonella and is morphologically different from type 1 and typ3-2 fimbriae previously described. It is probably an abnormal mutant form of fimbriae. Morphologically characteristic are its very much finer structure of filaments (2,7 nm) (Type-1 and type-2 of fimbriae measure in the range 6-8 nm.) and the 2,7 nm) (Type-1 and type-2 of fimbriae measure in the range 6-8 nm.). and the 2,7 nm) (Tpe-1 and type-2 aof fimbriae measure in the range 6-8 nm.) and the 2,7 nm) (Tpe-1 and type-2 of fimbriae measure in the range 6-8 nm.) and the large number of filamentous appendages...

Agglutination↗
PubMed1975

Biochemical, immunological and genetic studies in leprosy. I. Changes in serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, creatine phosphokinase and aldolase activity in different forms of leprosy.

Serum lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, creatine phosphokinase and aldolase activity were determined in healthy control subjects and in lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy patients from Ethiopia. Sera from lepromatous patients showed a higher total LDH activity compared with control subject. The values for tuberculoid leprosy patients were similar to those of controls. Sera from normal healthy controls showed a higher proportion of LDH-H form (72%) while lepromatous leprosy patient's sera exhibited a higher proportion of LDH-M form (55%). Tuberculoid leprosy patients showed a pattern similar to that of healthy controls. A possible significance of these observations is discussed. No significant variations were observed in fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase activity within the different types of disease and controls. Although creatine phosphokinase levels in different types of leprosy decreased significantly from those of normal healthy, it falls within the reported variation of the activity in normal sera.

Creatine Kinase↗
PubMed1975

Biochemical, immunological and genetic studies in leprosy. II. Profile of immunoglobulins, complement components and C-reactive protein in sera of leprosy patients and healthy controls.

Various classes of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG, IgD and IgE), complement components (C3 and C4) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were estimated in sera from normal healthy controls and leprosy (lepromatous and tuberculoid) patients from Ethiopia. Higher levels of IgA, IgM, IgG and IgD were found in lepromatous leprosy compared with normal healthy people while in tuberculoid leprosy only IgM, IgG and IgD levels were increased. Borderline leprosy patients showed increase in IgG level only. Although an increase in IgE was noted in lepromatous leprosy, it was not significant; the variations in IgE levels could be due to different socioeconomic background and exposure to intestinal parasites. C3 component was significantly reduced in leprosy patients compared with healthy controls while no difference in C4 component was observed. The results point towards an involvement of the "alternate pathway". A positive test against C-reactive protein antiserum was given by about 20% of the normal healthy controls while more than 60% lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy patients were CRP positive. The results are discussed in relation to the status of immunoglobulins and complement components in leprosy and possible factors (environmental and genetic) which might affect them.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1975

[Nine new Salmonella species belonging to sub-genera I, II, and III and a new serological variant of S. tornow (author's transl)].

Between October 1971 and March 1972, 168 samples were collected from tank-water and faeces of amphibious animals and reptiles living in the Aquarium of the Berlin Zoo. They were examined for Salmonella and Arizona. Nine unknown Salmonella species and one new serological variant of S. tornow were isolated. Two of the new species were found to belong to sub-genus I, three to sub-genus II, and for to sub-genus III (Arizona) (see article).

Amphibians↗
PubMed1975

[Eight new Arizona serotypes with emphasis on 2 O-antigens previously only found in Salmonella (author's transl)].

Description of eight new Arizona serotypes isolated from snakes and lizards (exception: Arizona 7a, 7c:23-21) in various countries and submitted to the National Salmonella Centre Hamburg for identification. No. 4-36/70 Arizona 10a, 10b:29-25 = S. arizonae 40(1), 40(2):k:z53 No. 159-36/70 Arizona 7a, c..:26-21 (with a new O-antigen) = S. arizonae 1, 6, 14, 25:z53:z35 No. 160-36/70 Arizona 30:32-31 = S. arizonae 65:c:z No. 162-36/70 Arizona 10a, 10b, (10c):23-31 (with a new O-antigen) = S. arizonae 40(1), 40(2):1, v:z No. 167-36/70 Arizona 25:23-31-41 = S. arizonae 16:1, v:z:z61 No. 2-36/71 Arizona 20:33-21 = S. arizonae 35:i:z35 No. 227-36/72 Arizona 26a, 26b:26-21 = S. arizonae 61(1), 61(2):z52:z35 No. 305-36/72 Arizona 7a, 7c:23-21 = S. arizonae (6), 14:1, v:z35 The two new Arizona O-antiges traced in strains nos. 159-36/70 and 162-36/70 testify the close relationship between Arizona and Salmonella justifying the inclusion of all Arizona serotypes with their corresponding Salmonella-formulae in the Kauffmann-White-Schema. The O-antigen of strain no. 159-36/70 was verified only by using Salmonella O-antisera, the O-antigen of no. 162-36/70 by serological comparative tests with a certain Salmonella-species = S. bukavu. Strain no. 167-36/70: it is pointed out that phase 3 could probably be a so-called R-phase.

Agglutination Tests↗