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Biomedical subjects

R Roux

Publications and source records attributed to R Roux.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in men attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.

OBJECTIVE: (1) To determine the prevalence of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections and associated risk factors in men attending Abidjan's three sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics; (2) to examine the use of such sites for epidemiological surveillance. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Abidjan's two main STD clinics (Clinics A and T), and the University Hospital Dermatology outpatients clinic. PATIENTS: Consecutive patients with genitourinary symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of reactivity to HIV-1, HIV-2, and both viruses; descriptive characteristics of clinic attenders; clinical diagnoses of STD; risk factors associated with HIV-1 and HIV-2 positivity. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HIV (HIV-1 and/or HIV-2) infection was 21% (250 out of 1169; 16% HIV-1, 2% HIV-2, 3% dual reactivity). Overall prevalence varied by clinic: University Hospital Dermatology outpatients clinic, 39%; Clinic T, 19%; Clinic A, 10%. Men with STD had an overall prevalence of 31% (155 out of 506), compared with 14% in men without physical signs of STD (odds ratio 2.6, 95% confidence interval 2.0-3.6). The highest prevalence, 46%, was in men with genital ulcer disease. Risk factors associated with HIV-1 as well as with HIV-2 infection after multivariate analysis were a history of sex with prostitutes, lack of circumcision, being unskilled, and a history of prior genital ulcer. Current genital ulcer, current STD and positive Treponema pallidum haemagluttination assay were associated with HIV-1 and dual reactivity. CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors for HIV-2 infection in men attending Abidjan STD clinics were broadly similar to those for HIV-1 infection. HIV-1 infection was more strongly associated with current STD. Important differences between the three clinics were observed in STD prevalence and type, and HIV seroprevalence. Such differences should be taken into account in the planning of HIV serosurveillance in STD clinics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Plasma osteocalcin concentrations in cattle under various pathophysiological conditions.

Plasma osteocalcin (BGP) concentrations were measured using an homologous radioimmunoassay in plasma samples (n = 6-14 per group) from fetal and newborn calves, 16-month-old heifers and bulls, and pregnant lactating cows. The highest values (nM) (62 +/- 3) were measured in fetal calves and the lowest (15 +/- 3) in 9-year-old pregnant and lactating cows. No significant relationship could be demonstrated between plasma BGP and somatomedin C, or 1,25(OH)2D or calcium concentrations. In eight normally calving cows, parturition was followed by a progressive increase in plasma BGP concentration, maximum 3 days after calving. It returned to prepartum values 10 days later. In six parturient hypocalcaemic and paretic cows, hypocalcaemia occurring within 12 h following calving was associated with a prompt and very transient increase in plasma BGP concentrations. These results indicate that osteocalcin might play a role in the regulation of bone metabolism in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Ammonium chloride in the prophylaxis of parturient hypocalcaemia.

Twenty Holstein X Friesian cows weighing 642 +/- 29 kg, were used at the 4th or 5th calving. They received a daily ration offering them 80 g calcium, 80 g inorganic phosphate and 60 g magnesium. Ten of these animals were supplemented with NH4Cl (20 g per animal per day, from the 15th day before calving until the 5th day after calving). This treatment had no significant effect on blood pH, ionised calcium, total calcium, inorganic phosphate, magnesium and protein levels. Among control and treated animals, three and four cows, respectively, were afflicted with parturient hypocalcaemia. These results demonstrate that in our experimental conditions NH4Cl was completely ineffective in preventing parturient hypocalcaemia.

Ammonium Chloride↗
PubMed1975

[Problems posed during surgical repair of a gunshot wound in the mandible].

The authors present a case of a balistic lesion of the labio-mental region after attempted suicide. They expose the different procedures used for its repair and attempt to analyze the problems which arose from the therapeutic standpoint. They lay stress on the necessity to immobilize these mandibular fragments in good occlusion, as rapidly as possibly.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Skull osteology as it affects halo pin placement in children.

Skull bone thicknesses of 18 pediatric skulls were measured by means of computerized tomography scans to determine optimal sites for placement of halo pins. Skulls were grouped to assess changes with age: Group 1, 1-2 years; Group 2, 2-5 years; and Group 3, 5-12 years. At the antero- and posterolateral portions of the calvaria, the average total thickness was 3.7 and 3.9 mm, respectively, in Group 1; this value increased relatively linearly to 6.1 and 5.9 mm, respectively, in Group 3. At the temporal fossa, the average thickness increased from 3.0 mm in infants to 4.1 mm in preteenagers. These findings confirm clinical recommendations that halo fixation pins should be placed anterolaterally and posterolaterally where the bones are thickest.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intra- and extra-pelvic venous connections. Anatomical study].

Regarding to clinical diseases, the authors emphasize the important part of pelvic veins as collateral flows when iliac channels are occluded. They point out the three mains streams of this collateral network: the obturator veins, the gluteal veins, and the pudendal veins. Longitudinal anastomoses are connected each other by transversal veins such as Santorini plexus, and sacral veins; they allow venous supply from one side to the other when two levels or more are involved.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The role of salivary gland scintigraphy in ear, nose and throat surgery (author's transl)].

Scintigraphy of salivary glands might appear to be a relatively minor test in the study of the morphology of the salivary glands and especially tumours. However, with recent technical progress, it is an extremely useful test in th study of the function of the principal salivary glands. Changes in salivary secretion in certain severe facial paralyses could become an interesting prognostic test; on this subject, the simultaneous abnormalities in sub-maxillary and parotid salivary secretion in these cases of paralyses poses a physiological problem. The study of salivary junction is indispensable in the exploration of aptyalia (in particular in the Sjögren's syndrome), and in sialosis.

Adolescent↗