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Biomedical subjects

R Rudin

Publications and source records attributed to R Rudin.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Longitudinal evaluation of GCF MMP-3 and TIMP-1 levels as prognostic factors for progression of periodontitis.

BACKGROUND: To determine whether matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) could serve as prognostic factors for the progression of periodontitis, we monitored GCF MMP-3 and TIMP-1 and periodontal status of selected sites in 40 medically healthy subjects over a 6-month period. METHOD: Clinical measurements including gingival index (GI), plaque index, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), and GCF samples were taken from 2 healthy sites (including sites with gingival recession, GI=0 PD < or =3 mm; AL < or =2 mm) and 2 periodontitis sites (GI > or =1; PD > or =5 mm; AL > or =3 mm) of each patient at baseline, 3-month and 6-month visits by means of sterile paper strips. GCF levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 were determined by sandwich ELISA assays. RESULTS: The mean amounts of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 in diseased sites were significantly higher than in healthy sites (p<0.0001). Significantly higher GCF levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 were found at progressing sites than in nonprogressing periodontitis sites (0.001 or =2 mm loss of attachment during 6- month study period. GCF levels of MMP-3 were highly correlated with clinical measurements taken at baseline, 3-month and 6-month visits (p<0.001). TIMP-1 levels were only moderately correlated with probing depth and attachment level (p<0.01). Step-wise multiple regression analysis was performed to construct models for the prediction of probing depth and attachment loss increases. The most parsimonious regression models which had the best R2 values included the following variables and accounted for the indicated % of variability. The regression model for the prediction of probing depth increase included MMP-3, smoking pack-years, TIMP-1 and accounted for 53% of the variability. The best model for the prediction of attachment loss increase included MMP-3, smoking pack-years, age, TIMP-1 and explained 59% of the variability. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that sites with high GCF levels of MMP-3 and TIMP-1 are at significantly greater risk for progression of periodontitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Diet drugs and cardiac valvulopathy: a survey of dental patients.

The recent finding that several appetite suppressant drugs (fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine) were linked to cardiac valvular disease in a significant percentage of the population led to their voluntary withdrawal. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued a series of recommendations in 1997 for evaluating dental patients who had taken these drugs. Since that time, several studies have further investigated the prevalence of valvular abnormalities. This information is crucial because of the problem of dentally associated bacterial endocarditis. This study surveyed more than 1,300 dental patients and determined the prevalence of patients taking these diet drugs and cardiac valvulopathy and the percentage of dental patients required to take antimicrobial endocarditis prophylaxis before "at risk" dental procedures. It remains important for dentists to query their patients for this information.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Hearing capacity in samples of men from the general population. The study of men born in 1913 and 1923.

The auditory pure-tone thresholds and a number of factors affecting hearing were studied in a sample of 767 60-year-old men and 220 50-year-old men from the general population of Gothenburg, Sweden. There was a good correlation between self-reported hearing and measured hearing acuity. The auditory function in this study was generally poorer than in other comparable studies, which probably reflects the influence of an urban industrialized environment on hearing. The hearing acuity of the right ear was generally better than that of the left. This was not entirely due to selective noise exposure but possibly partly due to a biological difference between the two ears. The two predominant factors affecting the hearing were noise exposure and otitis media sequelae, assessed as tympanic membrane pathology. Noise exposure mainly affected the high-frequency range, whereas middle ear pathology affected all frequencies and was added to noise-induced hearing loss. Men from low social classes had poorer hearing than men in higher social classes. This gradient persisted to some extent when noise exposure and tympanic membrane pathology were taken into account. About 11% of the 60-year-old men and 4% of the 50-year-old men fulfilled the criteria for hearing aid amplification, illustrating the need for such equipment in the short-term perspective, and noise protection in the long run.

Audiometry, Pure-Tone↗
PubMed1987

The mortality in an age cohort followed from birth to age 70.

The Study of Men Born in 1913 is a prospective population study of cardiovascular diseases in Gothenburg, Sweden, that started in 1963. To describe survival curves and mortality pattern, all boy-children born alive in 1913 in the city of Gothenburg, were identified. This birth cohort was followed from birth to age 70 for residence, vital status and cause of death. At the age of 50 years, 25% of the birth cohort were dead and at age 70, 43% had died. The high infant mortality and the great impact of infectious diseases in the beginning of this century is illustrated. The death rate for the cohort was almost identical to national figures for men in the same age group. Men who migrated from Gothenburg had a death rate very similar to those who stayed. It can therefore be concluded that the men in the Study of Men Born in 1913 is a representative sample not only of men in Gothenburg but also of men in Sweden as far as mortality is concerned. Special attention was paid to death from otitis media complications, congestive heart failure, and diabetes. Few persons died from these diseases before age 50 when the prospective study started and therefore did not influence the study of the natural history for these conditions to any great extent. Otitis media infections might be studied retrospectively from this age.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Is high blood pressure an aetiological factor in epistaxis?

In the present investigation, 391 men born in 1913 were examined. The blood pressure was registered in a standardized way and the subjects were questioned about epistaxis. The aim of the investigation was to analyze whether habitual nose-bleeders or subjects with recent bleedings had higher blood pressure than the other subjects in the population study. All attempts to find a correlation between epistaxis and elevated (or high) blood pressure were unsuccessful. When high blood pressure is found in a patient with nose-bleeds it is probably an incidental finding and not an aetiological factor.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1975

The frequency of epistaxis in a male population sample.

In a population sample consisting of 507 males aged between 50 and 60 years and 120 thirty-year-old sons of these males the frequency of epistaxis and predisposing factors of epistaxis were studied. Only one-third of the subjects had never had epistaxis. One out of ten subjects had been treated for epistaxis by a doctor at least once in his life. About 3 per cent had had nose-bleeds during the previous week. Statistically it was shown that a history of upper respiratory infection and intake of acetylsalicylic acid separately might predispose to expistaxis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Frequency of pathologic changes in the middle ear.

One third of a total of 2,783 60-year-old males living in Gothenburg were examined to establish the frequency of pathologic changes in the middle ear. During 1973 to 1975, 767 men were examined. The eardrums were studied with otomicroscopy. Audiometric tests and x-ray of the mastoid cell system were performed. Pathologic changes were found in 37% of which 5% had chronic otitis. Hearing impairment was found in 95% of patients with chronic otitis. This group showed a significant reduction in mastoid cell area compared to males with normal tympanic membranes. There was a distinct relationship between low social class and small mastoid cell area and high frequency of noise injury.

Ear, Middle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Middle ear disease in samples from the general population. Prevalence and incidence of otitis media and its sequelae. The study of men born in 1913-23.

A study of 1371 men 20, 30, 50 and 60 years old and living in Göteborg was performed to obtain information on the incidence and prevalence of otitis media in a non-selected population. In addition to anamnestical data, a thorough examination of the ENT-status was made by one observer. There was no indication that otitis media has become a more rare disease since the early part of the century. However, the course of the disease does seem to be shorter and milder in more recent decades. This conclusion is supported by a substantially higher frequency of grave pathologic changes in the tympanic membranes in the two oldest cohorts compared with the two younger. A further indication is that mastoidectomies have become a rare type of operation during recent decades.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Middle ear disease in samples from the general population. II. History of otitis and otorrhea in relation to tympanic membrane pathology. The study of men born in 1913 and 1923.

A study of 1371 men 20, 30, 50 and 60 years old and living in the city of Göteborg was performed to obtain information on otitis media infections in the general population. In addition to anamnestic data, a thorough examination of the ENT status was made by one observer. In this second report a sizable proportion of the men reported a history of otitis or otorrhea but had normal tympanic membranes. However, overall there was a close correlation between a positive history of otitis and otorrhea, and findings of pathological tympanic membranes in all the age groups, and the longer the duration of the otitis with or without otorrhea, the more frequent were the pathological findings. Men with a history of both otitis and otorrhea of long duration had generally more serious pathological findings than men with otitis but no longterm otorrhea.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Otitis media and well-being in a male population in Gothenburg. The study of men born in 1913.

In a sample of 767 60-year-old men and 220 50-year-old men from the general population of Gothenburg, Sweden, the possible influence of otitis media, suffered in the past, on various measures of well-being was studied. Men with a history of otitis media required more medical care, measured as number of appointments with a doctor during the last 10 years, number of drugs taken during the last 14 days, and early retirement due to illness, than men with no such history. They also had lower grade of self-estimated perceived health, hearing, memory, physical fitness, appetite, mental energy and patience. There was no correlation between a history of otitis and a number of socio-economic factors. In addition, otitis infections in the past were measured as a hearing loss in the low-frequency range (greater than 20 dB loss in the 250 Hz and 500 Hz register). Such a hearing loss was related to the same variables as the otitis history. In addition, men with a low-frequency hearing loss were less well educated, were heavier, had more days and more periods of sickness benefit than other men. They also had spent more time as an in-patient in hospital and were less active during their leisure time. These results indicate that otitis infections affect the health and the well-being of the patients even long after the actual incident.

Educational Status↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Otitis media and the mastoid cell system. A study of men born in 1913 and 1923.

Within the framework of the Study of Men Born in 1913 and 1923, which is a prospective population study in Gothenburg, Sweden, a subsample consisting of 128 men 20, 30, 50, and 60 years old was investigated in order to elicit information on factors influencing the size of the mastoid cell systems, measured planimetrically from X-ray films. The mastoid cell area (MCA) closely correlated with body size, height being the best measure. Young men had larger relative MCAs (adjusted for height) than old men. Within each age group, men with small relative MCA were characterized by a lower social class, a longer history of otitis media, more tympanic membrane pathology, and more hearing loss than men with large MCA. These results support the view that in addition to genetic factors, environmental factors may exert a strong influence on the development and ultimate size of the mastoid cell systems.

Adult↗