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Biomedical subjects

R Ruffin

Publications and source records attributed to R Ruffin.

29 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Comparison of the effects of nebulized terbutaline with intravenous enprofylline in patients with acute asthma.

We compared the bronchodilating effects of intravenously administered enprofylline (2 mg/kg) with nebulized terbutaline (10 mg) in patients presenting to hospital with acute asthma in a multicenter double-blind parallel study. One hundred twenty three patients were randomized into the study, and 69 of these fulfilled the inclusion criteria and a retrospective time to study entry criterion; 34 received enprofylline and 35 received terbutaline. There was no significant difference in maximum increase in forced expired volume in 1 second (FEV1) between the enprofylline group (0.24 +/- 0.33 L) and the terbutaline group (0.25 +/- 0.28 L) (p greater than 0.05), nor for the increase in FEV1 over the 1-hour study period. Tremor was reported more in the group receiving terbutaline, and nausea was reported more in the group receiving enprofylline. Two patients experienced hypotension and one patient had a vasovagal episode with enprofylline treatment. Both agents acted as bronchodilators with similar efficacy in patients with acute asthma in this study.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

A 4-week Australian multicentre study of nedocromil sodium in asthmatic patients.

The use of nedocromil sodium 4 mg q.i.d. in asthmatics with mildly unstable asthma induced by a reduction of their inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate dose was investigated in a double-blind, parallel group, placebo-controlled study. Compared with placebo, nedocromil sodium improved night-time and daytime asthma score, night-time and daytime bronchodilator use, and evening PEFR at some stage during the 4-week treatment. It is concluded that nedocromil sodium exerts a beneficial effect in chronic asthma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Alterations in the transferrin receptor of human erythroleukemic cells after induction of hemoglobin synthesis.

When K562 human erythroleukemic cells are induced to differentiate by addition of hemin to their medium, the number of binding sites for transferrin on the cell surface is substantially reduced. This reflects an internalization of receptors since no such reduction is observed when the total binding sites in soluble extracts of uninduced and differentiating cells are compared. The internalization of transferrin receptors has also been shown using lactoperoxidase-mediated radioiodination of cell surfaces and by immune precipitation of total and surface labeled receptors using an anti-receptor monoclonal antibody. Transferrin receptors from uninduced and differentiating cells were partially purified by affinity chromatography on transferrin-Sepharose and shown to be disulfide-bridged homodimers of a polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 90,000. This protein is a phosphoprotein that can be resolved by isoelectric focusing into three major and two minor forms. By digestion with bacterial alkaline phosphatase, it was shown that at least four of these forms are probably phosphorylation variants of a single polypeptide. As differentiation proceeds, the proportions of the individual forms of the receptor change with a shift to the more phosphorylated polypeptides.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

Inhaled verapamil in histamine-induced bronchoconstriction.

Fifteen asthmatic subjects participated in a double-blind trial comparing the protective effects of inhaled verapamil, salbutamol, and saline against inhaled histamine. Inhaling verapamil between four repeated histamine inhalation tests produced no significant protection against histamine-induced bronchoconstriction, while there was significant protection with salbutamol (p less than 0.001). Inhaling verapamil before a single inhalation test produced limited but significant protection (p less than 0.05) compared with a saline control in eight asthmatic subjects. This small protective effect in the two-treatment study of eight asthmatics suggests that either the protective effect of verapamil is variable among subjects or a preceding histamine inhalation test blocks the verapamil effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Clinical evaluation of a simple demand inhalation MDI aerosol delivery device.

Inhalation of medication is the preferred method for treating reversible airway obstruction; however, difficulties in the use of pressurized canisters frequently lead to suboptimal results. The Aerochamber (Monoghan Medical Corp) is a portable breath-actuated device that attaches to a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and is designed to overcome many of the problems of aerosol delivery encountered by some patients. The attachment of this breath-actuated device to an MDI reduced pharyngeal deposition of aerosol 14-fold, but delivery of aerosol to intrapulmonary airways in normal subjects and patients with bronchitis remained unchanged. In a group of nine patients with stable asthma, inhalation of a bronchodilator aerosol using the breath-actuated device (Aerochamber) achieved effective bronchodilation similar to an optimally administered MDI. Advantages of the breath-actuated device (Aerochamber) include (1) aerosol delivery of medication whether or not the discharge of aerosol is synchronized with inhalation, (2) effective therapeutic response compared with optimally administered MDI; (3) greatly reduced deposition of aerosol in the upper airways, which might be expected to reduce adverse effects of steroids; and (4) universal application to all bronchodilator and steroid MDIs.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Evaluation of lyophilized heparin syringes for the collection of arterial blood for acid base analysis.

The effects of liquid heparin on the analysis of acid/base status of arterial blood include a reduction in PCO2 and an increase in PO2. A study was performed to compare a lyophilised heparin syringe with a liquid heparin glass syringe for collection of blood for acid/base analysis. No significant difference between the variables measured in blood taken in the two syringes was demonstrated.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1979

Activation of nasal cilia in immotile cilia syndrome.

Nasal biopsy specimens were obtained from 5 normal subjects and from 7 patients with immotile cilia syndrome. Of the latter, 3 had Kartagener's syndrome, one had Kartagener's forme fruste, and 3 had bronchiectasis and sinusitis. An in vitro motility test was used to assess ciliary movement. Exogenous adenosine triphosphate and adenosine triphosphatase activated the immotile cilia to levels equal to or slightly greater than the spontaneous activity seen in normal subjects. Absence of dynein arms on ciliary peripheral microtubule doublets was a consistent finding in the patients' specimens and is suggested to be the basic defect in this syndrome that is responsible for immotility and absence of mucociliary clearance.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1978

Studies on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atenolol in man.

The non-stimulant cardioselective beta adrenocepter antagonist atenolol has been studied in volunteers in order to define its pharmacokinetic characteristics. Atenolol (100 and 200 mg orally) is rapidly absorbed, reductions in heart rate and systolic pressure being observed in 30 min. The effect persists for up to 8 h. Over 85% of an intravenous dose is excreted in urine within 24 h but only 50% of an oral dose. The bioavailability of approximately 50% is due to reduced absorption. Peak blood levels are observed at 2-4 h and the half life of atenolol given orally is 5-6 h. Atenolol reduces the cardiac response to standing and head-up tilt. It does not reduce circulating levels of renin but slightly impairs the renin response to tilt. Atenolol both orally and intravenously reduces supine diastolic pressure about four hours after administration, the effect persisting for up to 24 h.

Administration, Oral↗