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Biomedical subjects

R Rylander

Publications and source records attributed to R Rylander.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[Importance of the number of events and maximum noise level in evaluating annoyance].

Exposure to environmental noise can cause interference with rest, conversation and listening to radio-TV as well as sleep disturbances. These effects are experienced as annoyance by the exposed person. An analysis of several epidemiological studies on annoyance due to road traffic, train and aircraft noise shows a fair dose-response relationship when the dose is expressed using the traditional indices such as Leq and NNI. An improved relationship is obtained if the dose is expressed in terms of the noisiest even and the number of such events separately. Practical measures to control environmental noise are discussed in terms of this principle.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1982

Airborne endotoxin in industries processing vegetable fibers.

Airborne lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels were determined at various working sites in industries processing vegetable fibers. On several occasions the amounts assessed with the Limulus assay exceeded those presumed to cause human reactions i.e. about 0.5 microgram/m3. Low values were often found in areas for weaving. High levels of LPS were found in flax carding rooms but levels in jute mills did not exceed those considered to produce reactions in humans. Low values were also found in nontextile industries processing cotton fibers. By and large the variations in airborne LPS corresponded to previous experience on the extent of byssinosis seen in the different types of industries.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1982

Exposure to anaesthetic gases and spontaneous abortion: response bias in a postal questionnaire study.

A postal questionnaire study on anaesthetic gas exposure and miscarriage rate was performed among women who worked or had previously worked in a Swedish hospital. Results were evaluated in relation to age, smoking habits, work site at the first trimester of pregnancy and clinical accuracy of the reported data. An important part of the study was the collection of information on pregnancies among non-respondents. A higher, although non-significant, miscarriage rate was reported among women who had worked in areas with high exposure during the first trimester compared to unexposed women. A selection was found among the non-respondents with respect to both working site during pregnancy and outcome of pregnancy. All women suffering a miscarriage while working at sites with exposure to anaesthetic gases reported their work site and miscarriage, while one third of all miscarriages occurring to women who were not exposed during pregnancy were not reported in the questionnaire.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1982

Pulmonary toxicity of endotoxins: comparison of lipopolysaccharides from various bacterial species.

Lipopolysaccharides from three gram-negative bacteria isolated from bale cotton and piggery air were analyzed for their chemical composition, and their pulmonary toxicity for guinea pigs, lethal toxicity for mice, and pyrogenicity for rabbits were measured. Lipopolysaccharides from Enterobacter agglomerans and Citrobacter freundii had closely related chemical compositions; both were pyrogenic for rabbits and caused a dose-dependent influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the airways of guinea pigs. The lethal toxicities of these lipopolysaccharides in mice were comparable to that of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide, which was used as a reference. Lipopolysaccharide from Agrobacterium sp. was chemically different from those of E. agglomerans and C. freundii, did not induce any influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and was only weakly toxic or pyrogenic. The low biological activity of the agrobacterial lipopolysaccharide may be due to its different chemical composition.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1982

Nasal antibodies against gram-negative bacteria in cotton-mill workers.

Antibody activity to cotton dust bacteria in the nasal secretions of cotton-mill cardroom workers was studied using the ELISA technique. Secretion samples were collected by inserting a roll of filter paper into the nasal cavities of the subjects. The amount of secretion was significantly less among cotton-mill workers than workers in a wood factory. No significant differences were seen between byssinotic and nonbyssinotic cotton-mill workers. No significant differences were observed between cotton and wood workers regarding antibody activity against Pseudomonas syringae and Enterobacter agglomerans. Workers tested before and after the shift showed no difference in amount of secretion or in antibody activity. Smokers had a lower antibody activity than nonsmokers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Lung cell reactions after inhalation of bacterial lipopolysaccharides.

Cells in airway lavage fluid were studied in guinea pigs exposed to an aerosol of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The major response after a single exposure was a large increase in the number of macrophages and neutrophils. The neutrophil response decreased markedly after repeated exposure. De-complementation of the animals did not affect the response to a single exposure, nor did exposure to zymosan produce a neutrophil increase. It is suggested that other factors than serum complement activation initiate the neutrophil increase after LPS inhalation. One conceivable mechanism is the activation of pulmonary macrophages.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1981

Prevalence of byssinosis in Swedish cotton mills.

The prevalence of byssinosis and of chronic bronchitis was studied in a questionnaire investigation among workers in bale opening areas, carding rooms, and spinning rooms in five Swedish cotton mills. Airborne dust and Gram-negative bacteria was measured. Nineteen per cent of the interviewed workers reported symptoms of light byssinosis (grade 1/2). The prevalence of symptoms was not related to the duration of employment, and cases of byssinosis were found among people who had worked in cotton mills for only a few years. A significantly higher proportion of male than female workers reported symptoms. No difference in the extent of byssinosis was found between smokers and non-smokers, but the prevalence was significantly higher among those workers who had ceased smoking. The prevalence of byssinosis was related to the number of airborne viable Gram-negative bacteria as well as to the dust level in the different mills.

Air Microbiology↗