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Biomedical subjects

R S Broadbent

Publications and source records attributed to R S Broadbent.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Staphylococcal neonatal necrotising fasciitis: survival without radical debridement.

Necrotising fasciitis is a serious infection associated with high morbidity and mortality. The conventional treatment is radical resection of the involved area with antibiotic as well as intensive supportive therapy. We describe a case of extensive truncal necrotising fasciitis in a neonate, secondary to Staphylococcus aureus infection successfully treated with intensive antibiotic therapy and multi-organ support, followed by fasciotomies, drainage and betadine irrigation. The successful outcome without radical resection could be due to the viability of superficial skin, S aureus as the causative organism and the excellent blood supply of cutaneous neonatal tissue.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1996

Pathophysiology of overheating in a piglet model: findings compared with sudden infant death syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the nature of hyperthermia-induced pathophysiological changes in an animal model including effects on lung compliance. METHODOLOGY: Piglets were randomly assigned to heated or non-heated groups. Heated animals were warmed to 4 degrees C above normal body temperature while sedated and breathing spontaneously. Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded serially and haematological assessments and blood cultures taken at 0 and 6 h. After 6 h the animals were killed and a limited postmortem was performed. Control animals had all procedures without heating. RESULTS: Heated piglets developed tachycardia, hypotension and a metabolic acidosis in addition to tachypnoea, hypocapnic alkalosis and a neutrophil leucocytosis. Rectal temperature after death fell at the same rate in both groups. Lung histology revealed an excess of lung haemorrhage and alveolar oedema in the heated group. No significant group differences in dynamic lung compliance were demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: The pathological changes that occur during hyperthermia are non-specific but not incompatible with those found in sudden infant death syndrome. There was no confirmation of the thesis that hyperthermia causes death by altering lung compliance.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Surfactant aerosol treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in the spontaneously breathing premature rabbit.

Surfactant deficiency in premature neonates is a major factor in the development of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which is still a significant cause of mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to test a noninvasive method of administering surfactant as treatment for RDS. The animal model used was the premature neonatal rabbit of 27-d gestation (full-term being 31 d) primed with an initial oropharyngeal dose of surfactant. The animals were divided into three groups that received either no supplemental surfactant (n = 20), undried nebulized surfactant (n = 21), or dried nebulized surfactant (n = 24). Drying of the surfactant solution was undertaken to create a hygroscopic aerosol that would facilitate surfactant deposition in the lower respiratory tract. The group treated with dried surfactant aerosol showed superior survival (66.7%) and less evidence of RDS. The control and undried aerosol groups each had similar low survival rates (23.8 and 45.0%, respectively). The results indicate that a dried, hygroscopic aerosol is an effective means of administration of surfactant to spontaneously breathing premature rabbit neonates.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1988

Neonatal serum bilirubin measurements in New Zealand.

Surveys of paediatric bilirubin analyses in New Zealand hospital laboratories in 1982 and 1986 are described. In both surveys, an unacceptably high interlaboratory variation was found. In 1986, two laboratory groups, each with an established interlaboratory quality control programme, produced significantly better results than those without such a programme. A national interlaboratory neonatal bilirubin quality control programme is advocated.

Bilirubin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reduction of bioavailability of aluminium in neonatal parenteral nutrition solutions by prior complexation in the dosage form.

Aluminium (Al ) is abundant in our environment and is a contaminant of electrolyte solutions used in the manufacture of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) solutions administered to neonates, who are unable to tolerate oral feeding. Previous studies by McHalsky et al. (1) have shown concern over the levels of aluminium in parenteral products, and there are special considerations needed with regard to neonatal TPN solutions, (2). It is felt that neurotoxicology and abnormalities of bone histology may be seen with aluminium deposition in the tissues. In the present study it was shown that the average aluminium contamination in TPN solutions was in the order of 205 micrograms/L. It is well documented that aluminium is chelated successfully in dialysis solutions by desferrioxamine (DFO), Allain et al. (3). Using an AA spectrophotometer equipped with a graphite furnace, the average amount of aluminium in compounded neonatal TPN solutions was determined. Equimolar amounts of DFO to aluminium were added to various neonatal TPN formulations, and the physical stability of each solution was determined using microscopic and electronic particle counting analysis. This study suggests that aluminium can be irreversibly chelated with DFO and stable TPN solutions can be prepared.

Aluminum↗