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Biomedical subjects

R S Chapman

Publications and source records attributed to R S Chapman.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Language comprehension in sensorimotor stages V and VI.

A cross-sectional study of language comprehension in relation to cognitive functioning in 48 to 10-to-21 month old children, 4 at each month of age, revealed significant correlations between comprehension and five sensorimotor subscales. Age, however, was the only significant predictor in multiple regression analyses adding either age or sensorimotor subscale in second. In specific instances in which sensorimotor tasks tapped hypothetical prerequisites to specific language comprehension items, the two domains corresponded closely; but the cognitive domain was not always the first to be passed. Comprehension items were ordered from easy to hard as follows: 1) understanding single words for present people or objects; 2) for actions; 3) for absent people or objects; 4) understanding two words for the semantic relations possessor-posession, action-object, and agent-action; 5) understanding three words for agent-action-object. Implications for the Cognition Hypothesis are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

Serum prolactin concentrations related to copper or inert intrauterine devices (IUDs) in women.

A report that serum prolactin concentrations were almost doubled by the use of copper IUDs led us to study the effect of both copper and inert IUDs. We studied 105 normal women in whom all other prolactinergic factors had been excluded; 25 of them were using copper IUDs, 25 were using inert IUDs and there were 55 controls. No differences were found in the mean prolactin levels between these groups (4.3, 4.5 and 4.3 microgram/l, respectively). We conclude that copper and inert IUDs do not affect prolactin secretion.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Comprehension strategies in two and three year olds: animate agents or probable events?

Preschoolers may prefer themselves, the handier toy, the smaller toy, the more probable toy, the animate noun, or the first-mentioned noun as agent in interpreting semantically reversible sentences prior to adult performance. This study asked whether individual children consistently showed preferences and, if so, which preference. Twenty-five children, aged two years, two years and six months, or three years and six months, acted out 36 semantically reversible sentences containing one animate and one inanimate noun with toys. Three separate presentations were made of each of 12 sentences, with relative toy size varying on each. The 12 sentences, which varied in presumed probability of the animate noun as agent, consisted of six simple sentences (for example, The kitty pushes the door) and their reversals (for example, The door pushes the kitty). Two and two and a half year olds showed consistent individual preferences for animate nouns as agents in some sentences but not others. Thus there was evidence only for a sentence-specific probable event strategy rather than a generally applied animate agent strategy. Some two-and-a-half-year-old children also showed consistent position preferences or word order strategies. Children did not confine themselves to a single strategy. Three and a half year olds consistently used a word order strategy. Relative object size was not a significant factor. Age and short-term memory span were more closely related than mean length of utterance to comprehension.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

An assessment of high and low temperature tars in Psoriasis.

Comparison of the efficacy of crude coal tar from high and low temperature sources in the treatment of patients suffering from chronic psoriasis showed the tars to be equally effective. High temperature tar was then compared with standard refined tar. Again, an equal therapeutic response was achieved. Crude coal tars obtained by the carbonization of coal in coke ovens and in smokeless fuel manufacture can be employed in dermatological therapy in place of the dwindling supplies of crude tar of gasworks origin.

Coal Tar↗
PubMed1976

Tuberculoid leprosy.

The clinical features and management of a case of major tuberculoid leprosy presenting in the United Kindom are described. The possibility of encountering tropical disease in one's practice should be remembered.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Application and evaluation of portable field instruments for measuring forced expiratory volume of children and adults in environmental health surveys.

In support of Health Effects Research Studies, pulmonary function tests are periodically administered to a large number of children. The ventilatory performance of these children is being evaluated by measuring the 0.75-sec forced expiratory volume (FEV(0.75)) with a waterless mechanical volume spirometer used in conjunction with an electronic timing unit. During a 1-yr testing period, operation with the volume spirometer and the EPA designed electronic timing unit proved to be highly successful. The volume spirometer was found to be more advantageous in conducting tests at remote field stations than the water spirometer and other electronic instruments which measure flow rate with a transducer element. The volume spirometer is lightweight, easy to operate, and has the capability of easy and accurate field calibration when used in conjunction with the electronic timing unit. Presently the volume spirometer and EPA designed electronic timing package are employed in all Community Health and Surveillance System (CHESS) pulmonary function testing studies.

Adult↗