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Biomedical subjects

R S Corruccini

Publications and source records attributed to R S Corruccini.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

The coraco-acromial ligament and projection index in man and other anthropoid primates.

The coraco-acromial ligament in man is a trait shared only with other hominoids (apes) among anthropoid primates. The associated form of the coracoid process and acromion, their lateral projections and the shape of the glenoid cavity likewise distinguish the Hominoidea. These anatomical features add credence to the view that the living hominoids share an independent ancestry within the Anthropoidea associated with the development of several unique locomotor/feeding adaptations.

Acromion↗
PubMed1976

The interaction between nonmetric and metric cranial variation.

Cranial discrete or 'epigenetic" traits have been analyzed for interrelationships with measurements of the skull in a sample of American Negro males. Univariate t and multivariate T2 tests are used. It has been the previous consensus view that nonmetric and metric characters are unrelated. Statistically significant associations between the total of 50 discrete and 23 metrical characters, however, are much more frequent than would be expected through random distribution. Multivariate analysis supplements simpler statistics by synthesizing patterns of variation within regions of the skull, identifying many interrelations of skull size and shape with discrete traits. A low but observable general influence is exerted upon nonmetric morphology by metrical variation of the human skull (or vice versa).

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1976

Morphometric affinities of the human shoulder.

To analyze differences between apes and monkeys and the affinities of man, we have studied the shoulder girdle of 327 specimens of anthropoid primates. The scapula, clavicle and humerus are viewed as an integrated functional complex on the basis of 18 measurements. Several varieties of multivariate analysis show that man is clearly closer to other hominoids than to the included monkey taxa (whether terrestrial or arboreal, Old World or New World). The marked shoulder differences between apes and monkeys and similarities between apes and man correlate with the muscular anatomy, which in hominoids allows the motions involved in their locomotion and feeding behavior. As the hominid-pongid correspondence in shoulder morphology is especially detailed regarding the functionally important joint surfaces, it is consistent with a fairly recent period of common ancestry and behavior. No hypothetical evolutionary pathway or ancestral form of the human shoulder need look far beyond the model afforded by extant pongids. In contrast with previous studies on the primate shoulder, these results agree with information accumulationg from other systems--comparative anatomy, primate behavior, and molecular biology-- in suggesting very close relationship between man and extant African pongids.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The skeletal biology of the Virginia Indians.

Statistical analysis of one eastern and two western Virginia Indian skeletal samples reveals a general association between geographical and biological distance. However, the data suggest the importance of gene flow as a factor in minimizing local microdifferentiation. Females appear to contribute a disproportionate share to gene flow. This may be attributed to the widespread and apparently frequent practice of acquiring females and children through capture during recurring warfare.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1976

Affinites of tertiary hominoid femora.

Uni- and multivariate analyses of 244 extant and 4 fossil primate femora indicate that none of the Tertiary hominoid fossil femora resembles the great apes. The dryopithecine femur from Moboko, Kenya, is most like Nasalis. Pliopithecus and the fossil from Eppelsheim are similar to one another and to Hylobates, but unlike the African dryopithecine. A new specimen from the Miocene deposits of Songhor, Kenya, is very similar to Hylobates and is probably a member of the hylobatine taxon, Lomnopithecus macinnesi. The lack of similarity between the African dryopithecine femur and the femora of the extant great apes in further evidence that the typical hominoid postcranial morphology evolved after the middle Miocene period.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Metrical analysis of Fontechevade II.

The Fontéchevade pi calotte is analyzed by principal coordinates on the basis of 12 measurements. It most closely resembles Classic Neandertals and the Steinheim cranium in shape, showing no special similarity to modern man.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1975

Multivariate analysis of early hominid pelvic bones.

Multivariate analyses of the acetabular and iliac parts of fossil hominid and extant hominoid pelvic bones show that (1) the best preserved fossil from Swartkrans (SK 3155) is more similar to the Sterkfontein pelvis (Sts 14) than either fossil is to any extant hominoid species; (2) of the living hominoids, all of the fossils are closer to modern Homo sapiens than to the apes; and (3) the robust and gracile forms of South African australopithecines are somewhat different from one another, the gracile form falling nearer to Homo sapiens, but neither form demonstrably closer to the pongids.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1975

Osteometric shape relationships in the wrist joint of some anthropoids.

Multivariate morphometric analyses of the wrist morphology of monkeys, apes and humans indicated that there is a fundamental difference between cercopithecoids and hominoids which can be related to functional and behavioral differences. The wrists of the Miocene fossil hominoids (Dryopithecus africanus and Pliopithecus vindobonensis) are almost completely monkey-like in their structure.

Alouatta↗
PubMed1975

Distal humerus in hominoid evolution.

Multivariate analysis of 16 measurements of the distal humerus in samples of hominoids, cercopithecoids, Tertiary hominoid fossils, and early hominids shows the following results: (1) there is a substantial and functionally interpretable difference between the distal humerus of cercopithecoids and hominoids (excluding Hylobates); (2) the Tertiary hominoid fossils resemble the cercopithecoids more than the hominoids although they are in some ways intermediate; (3) the hominid fossil from Kanapoi resembles Homo sapiens very closely; (4) the Kromdraai humerus is intermediate in shape between Pan and other hominoids; and (5) the large fossil hominid from East Rudolf (KNM-ER 739) is unique among the hominoids.

Animals↗