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Biomedical subjects

R S Mito

Publications and source records attributed to R S Mito.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Controlling biofilm and microbial contamination in dental unit waterlines.

Despite the fact that the ADA had set the goal of less than 200 colony-forming units per milliliter of unfiltered output water from dental unit waterlines to be achieved voluntarily by the year 2000, there is much confusion and resistance within the profession with regard to waterlines. Many in the profession are still wondering what the most effective means are to predictably achieve the goal. It is a well-established fact that bacterial biofilm can readily form within dental unit waterlines and degrade the microbial quality of the water in dental units regardless of the water source. These biofilms are primarily formed by various microcolonies of bacteria that attach to surfaces over time within the waterlines. An increasing number of medically compromised and immunocompromised patients being treated in dental offices and increased public awareness have brought about renewed interest in this issue. There are generally four categories of products that are available to address this issue: independent water systems, sterile water delivery systems, filtration, and chemical treatment protocols. A recent study at the University of California at Los Angeles demonstrates that the Ultra chemical treatment protocol can be an effective means of controlling biofilm in dental unit waterlines.

Alkalies↗
PubMed1995

Medically compromised patients, Part II. Current trends in zidovudine chemoprophylaxis post HIV exposure.

Zidovudine chemoprophylaxis is commonly offered to health care workers post exposure to HIV. The use of this therapy appears to have escalated since the early 1990s in spite of the lack of consensus science. This paper presents the results of a survey of 15 academic health care centers representing the major cities whose aggregate AIDS cases accounted for 81 percent of the reported cases in the United States. Thirteen of the 15 institutions have a zidovudine chemoprophylaxis protocol in place. With the efficacy and risks of prophylactic zidovudine still in question, health care workers should establish their positions on this therapy prior to facing an occupational exposure.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1993

Multidisciplinary treatment of dental phobia.

Using contributions from different schools of psychotherapy provides a range of treatment options for the complex needs of dental fear patients. A single case study of a severely phobic patient explores the advantages of the team approach, strategies of fear reduction and the evolution of a patient coping with the symptoms of dental phobia.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1991

Load transfer to abutment teeth by two non-metal adhesive bridges.

Recently, two alternatives to the etched metal, Maryland-type bridge have been proposed for anterior applications. These are the all-ceramic bridge and the composite resin framework, ceramic veneered pontic bridge. Both designs use acid-etched winged retainers for adhesion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the load transfer to abutment teeth by these two designs using photoelastic modeling.

Composite Resins↗
PubMed1989

Effect of midazolam pretreatment on the intravenous toxicity of lidocaine with and without epinephrine in rats.

The effect of the benzodiazepine midazolam on the intravenous toxicity of lidocaine with and without epinephrine was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Test rats with and control rats without midazolam premedication (2.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally, 10% of the median dose that caused loss of the righting reflex in a third group of rats) were given 2% lidocaine with and without 10 micrograms/ml epinephrine intravenously in doses sufficient to construct log-dose response curves for both convulsant and lethal responses. In control rats the median convulsant dose (CD50) of lidocaine was 15.2 mg/kg given alone and 10.9 mg/kg with epinephrine (a statistically significant difference); respective values for the median lethal dose (LD50) were 26.4 and 18.5 mg/kg (also statistically significant). While epinephrine enhanced lidocaine seizure activity and lethality by approximately 50%, midazolam almost completely prevented lidocaine-induced convulsions but had no significant effect on mortality.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Hypertensive response to levonordefrin in a patient receiving propranolol: report of case.

Propranolol is a commonly used drug; of new and refilled prescriptions, it ranked no. 1 in 1984 and no. 2 in 1985. Medical conditions for its use include angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, migraine headache, hyperthyroidism, and pheochromocytoma. Almost all dental practitioners will treat a patient receiving propranolol for one of these conditions. The following recommendations seem appropriate at this time: The patient should continue to receive propranolol during dental treatment. Sudden withdrawal of the beta-blocker will cost the patient the benefit of propranolol therapy and may lead to acute myocardial ischemia. Acute stress should be minimized, as hypertensive responses may also be caused by endogenously released epinephrine. Short appointments scheduled in the morning, possibly with conscious sedation, should be considered. The dosage of adrenergic vasoconstrictors should be limited and gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine avoided entirely. The blood pressure should be taken approximately 5 minutes after local anesthesia is administered to determine if a systemic response has occurred. In the unlikely event of a hypertensive emergency, a rapidly acting, short-duration antihypertensive drug, such as the alpha-blocker phentolamine (Regitine, 5 mg intravenously) should be administered. Sublingual nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, 0.4 mg) may be useful as a nonparenteral alternative. These recommendations apply to other nonselective beta-blockers, including nadolol (Corgard) and timolol (Blocadren). They may also apply to labetalol (Normodyne, Trandate), a nonselective beta-antagonist with some alpha-blocking activity and to pindolol (Visken), a beta-blocker with some intrinsic beta 2-agonistic activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Oral mucositis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation.

Thirty patients who received bone marrow transplantation treatment from HLA identical sibling donors for immunologic and malignant diseases were studied. In essentially all of the patients oral changes developed during the first 30 days following transplant. Oral symptoms frequently constituted the major complaints of the patients during the follow-up period. The oral changes included mucositis, xerostomia, pain, and bleeding. Mucositis was more severe and of longer duration when associated with herpes simplex infections and when optimal oral hygiene was not maintained. Xerostomia which accompanies engraftment was an early sign of acute graft-versus-host disease. A nonbrushing method of oral hygiene was effective in reducing the severity and duration of mucositis. This technique offers a short-term alternative to brushing in pancytopenic patients who are susceptible to bleeding or trauma.

Adolescent↗