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Biomedical subjects

R S Monteith

Publications and source records attributed to R S Monteith.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Changes in contraceptive use and fertility: El Salvador, 1978-88.

In El Salvador from 1978 to 1988, contraceptive use among married women 15-44 years of age increased from 34% to 47%, and the total fertility rate declined from 6.3 to 4.6 children per woman. Most of this change took place from 1978 to 1985. Sterilization is the most prevalent method used, but nearly one-half of the women who are sterilized did not use any contraception before their operation. Few young couples use reversible methods of contraception to space births or delay the start of childbearing. On average, women wait 8 years after marriage and have nearly three children before they use contraception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Fertility on the US-Mexico border.

Using Bongaarts' model, the relative importance of the proximate determinants of fertility is explored in five populations on the US-Mexico border. For the groups closest to natural fertility (the two Mexican groups), lactation, use of contraception, and marriage all were moderately important in terms of their direct effect on fertility. For the group with lowest fertility (Anglo-American), contraceptive use was an important factor inhibiting fertility; marriage was important but not nearly as important as contraceptive use. For the two US Mexican-American groups, contraceptive use was an important intermediate variable, not as important as for Anglo-Americans, but more important than it was for the two populations in Mexico. The proportion married was a moderately important factor for the Mexican-American groups. For these five populations the principal differences in fertility rates result from substantial differences in the use of effective contraception. Bongaarts' model proved very useful as an analytical framework in this study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Contraceptive use and fertility in the Republic of Panama.

Panama has a high prevalence of contraception, with surgical sterilization being the dominant method. Use of contraception is fairly high even in rural areas. Seventy-one percent of users named a public sector source for their contraception. High use of contraception is part of an overall program of public sector maternal and child health services that also shows substantial penetration of rural areas. The high reliance on public sector sources in panama distinguishes it from other Latin American populations with comparable levels of contraceptive use, such as Sao Paulo state, Brazil, and Costa Rica. These populations also differ in that oral contraceptives are the most prevalent method of contraception. The survey results indicate that the risk of unplanned pregnancy is greatest for unemployed married women who have children. It is particularly important to expand program coverage in rural areas, where two-thirds of those at risk of unplanned pregnancies reside; risk of an unplanned pregnancy for rural women is more than twice that for urban women. While unmarried teenage women do not appear to constitute an important group by this definition, there are other compelling reasons, some supported by other results of the survey, for a special effort oriented toward teenagers. The experience of Panama may be unique in many ways. It shows that an integrated MCH-FP public sector program can meet a high demand for surgical contraception and achieve a fairly high level of contraceptive use. Finally, the results illustrate the value of periodic surveys to gauge the impact of public health programs by monitoring trends in contraceptive use, fertility, breastfeeding, and other aspects of reproductive health.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive use and fertility in Paraguay, 1987.

In 1987, 38 percent of married Paraguayan women aged 15-44 were practicing contraception, with oral contraceptives being the most prevalent method. Fertility rates for the population were at corresponding levels, with an overall fertility rate of 5.4 births per woman. Fertility has not changed substantially for the nation as a whole since 1979, and contraceptive use has increased by only 6 percentage points. Findings from the present study are consistent with the lack of a public sector family planning program in the country. Pharmacies are the principal source of contraceptives in the country. Twenty-two percent of all women and one-third of married women are at risk of having an unplanned pregnancy. The greatest impact on contraceptive use can be made if new and continued program efforts focus n the interior of the Oriental region of the country.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive use and fertility in Guatemala.

In 1983, one-quarter of married Guatemalan women aged 15-44 years were using contraception, and female sterilization was the most prevalent method. Fertility rates for the population were at correspondingly high levels, with an overall total fertility rate of about six births per woman. Contraceptive prevalence varied by residence and ethnic group; less than 5 percent of currently married Indian women and about 50 percent of married women in the capital city area were using contraception. From 1978 to 1983, prevalence increased overall by six percentage points, with surgical contraception accounting for most of the increase. Findings of the study suggest that different strategies need to be employed among Ladino and Indian women in order to increase contraceptive prevalence in these subgroups.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contraceptive prevalence in Paraguay.

Contraceptive use, source of contraception, history of abortion, current pregnancy intention, and fertility rates are evaluated for a national sample of women using data from the Paraguay Contraceptive Prevalence Survey, conducted in 1977. The survey found that 15.5 percent of all women aged 15--44 and 23.6 percent of ever-married women were using effective contraceptive methods. The urban/rural difference in contraceptive use paralleled fertility differentials: over 40 percent of ever-married women were using contraception in Greater Asuncion and other urban areas compared with 15 percent in rural areas. Overall, the data indicate that high-parity rural women have the greatest need for family planning services in Paraguay.

Abortion, Induced↗