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Biomedical subjects

R S Newman

Publications and source records attributed to R S Newman.

15 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1995

Heparin contamination in coagulation testing and a protocol to avoid it and the risk of inappropriate FFP transfusion.

Artifactual heparin contamination of blood samples drawn for coagulation testing is an ongoing problem. A retrospective analysis of activated partial thromboplastin times (APTTs) greater than 45 seconds from patients on neither heparin nor Coumadin (Dupont, Wilmington, DE) therapy shows complete correction of the APTT to normal in 39% of such samples after treatment with heparinase. Recheck of samples with significantly prolonged APTTs after treatment with heparinase is proposed as the best method to avoid inappropriate transfusion of fresh frozen plasma.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1990

Physical mapping of deletion breakpoints in patients with X-linked ichthyosis: evidence for clustering of distal and proximal breakpoints.

Previous studies have shown that approximately 80% of patients with X-linked ichthyosis have a total deletion of the steroid sulphatase (STS) locus which lies in Xp22.3-Xpter. We show by Southern analysis that a common core of sequences are absent in 78.6% of our cases, suggesting that the deletion breakpoints may be highly clustered. To characterize the region in more detail a long-range physical map of over 3 megabases (Mb) surrounding the STS locus was constructed using pulse-field gel electrophoresis. The map enabled the order of sequences tel-SI19-GMGXY3-[STS,GMGXY19]-GMGX9-[dic56 ,SIII2]-cen and the localization of the deletion breakpoints to be established. In ten cases the pulse-field evidence supports the clustering of breakpoints and indicates a deletion size of 2 Mb in most patients. Five CpG islands have been positioned around the STS locus and may be associated with other loci in the region involved in mental retardation and Kallman's syndrome. The map will be instrumental in an attempt to isolate and characterize the deletion breakpoints and to access other genes located in the region.

Arylsulfatases↗
PubMed1987

Children's use of multiple-counting skills: adaptation to task factors.

The purpose of the study was to determine conditions under which young children enumerate by counting in multiples. Thirty-eight kindergartners and first-graders enumerated dot displays and gave verbal reports of their strategies; additionally, they were given an independent assessment of multiple-counting skill. Dot displays varied according to overall numerosity, perceptual arrangement (random, clustered, rectangular), and numerosity of subgroupings. Children were relatively accurate at enumerating small-numerosity and nonrandom displays. They were relatively likely to report counting by multiples, rather than by ones, on small-numerosity and clustered displays. Contingent upon their skill level, children counted by multiple units (twos, threes, and fours) that corresponded to the numerosity of subgroupings (2, 3, and 4). Contrasting effects of different numerosities and perceptual arrangements are discussed in terms of contextual support for the use, and development, of numerical skills among young children.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Long-term prediction of achievement and attitudes in mathematics and reading.

The purpose of the longitudinal study was to investigate the prediction of children's academic achievement on the basis of cognitive tasks given prior to kindergarten, and academic attitudes on the basis of teachers' and mothers' ratings of the children's general cognitive abilities and actual achievement. Subjects were tested initially before entering kindergarten; from 105 to 154 of the 255 kindergarten children were followed through grades 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10. A subset of cognitive tasks maintained a high relation to high school achievement scores, especially in reading. Tenth-grade self-concept of ability, expectancy for success, value of success, and perception of task difficulty showed effects of sex and academic content area, with boys generally being more favorable toward math and girls more favorable toward reading. Children's attitudes were related both to mothers' earlier ratings of their children's cognitive abilities and actual achievement scores; this was especially the case for girls. There was a negative relation between mothers' ratings and girls' attitudes toward mathematics. Sex differences in all measures throughout the 11-year period are reviewed.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Does hydroxyethyl starch cause lichen planus? Lichen planus in a long-time routine blood donor never exposed to hydroxyethyl starch.

A case of lichen planus attributed to exposure to hydroxyethyl starch has been reported previously. In this report, a case of lichen planus in a healthy blood donor never exposed to hydroxyethyl starch is presented, the statistical incidence of lichen planus in healthy leukapheresis donors is approximated, and a description of the Koebner phenomenon, which could falsely lead to incorrect conclusions regarding cause and effect in this disease, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Use of white cell counts to select units of whole blood for granulocyte preparation.

Multiple variables that are easily determined, including donor white cell count, were studied for possible value in selecting single units of whole blood for isolation of granulocytes. Whole blood units selected on the basis of total white cell count were shown to have a 78 percent greater granulocyte content than randomly selected units (3.0 X 10(9) granulocytes/unit vs. 1.7 X 10(9) granulocytes/unit, p less than .001). White cell counts determined on 5-hour-old segments of whole blood were demonstrated to have a high coefficient of correlation with white cell counts determined on freshly drawn EDTA specimens (r = 0.918) and fresh segments of whole blood (r = 0.926). We conclude that yields of granulocytes from single units of whole blood stored for up to 5 hours at room temperature can be increased by selecting units with high total white cell counts performed on blood unit segments.

Adenine↗