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Biomedical subjects

R S Rodríguez

Publications and source records attributed to R S Rodríguez.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Sudden death syndrome in childhood. Current recommendations for its possible prevention].

The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has a prevalence of 0.31 to 3.5 per 1000 live newborns. It has its peak between two and four months with a greater incidence in the winter season. This syndrome should be diagnosed only after a careful post-mortem examination and a review of the death scene. The babies with SIDS have physiologic differences in their autonomic nervous system when compared with control groups. These babies have a history of excessive room heating and infant bedding. In addition the position most commonly used to put these infants to bed is the prone position. Changes in the way these infants are put to bed, changing from prone to supine position, have led to a significative reduction in SIDS. In order to decrease accidental death by asphyxia, pillows filled with polysterene beads should be avoided.

Autonomic Nervous System↗
PubMed1992

[Epidemic outbreak of viral meningitis caused by type 30 ECHO virus].

The clinical records of 15 children admitted to Hospital Infantile de México Federico Gómez with diagnosis of viral meningitis were reviewed. They were part of 19 patients admitted with this diagnosis during a 5 week period (March 22 to April 30, 1992) and represent a significant increase of aseptic meningitis compared with the same periods of previous years at Hospital Infantile de Mexico and in Mexico City where there is an ongoing epidemic outbreak of this entity. All the patients studied had spinal fluid findings consistent with viral meningitis and in 4 of them on ECHO virus type 30 was isolated at the Enterovirus Section of the CDC, Atlanta Georgia USA.

Child↗
PubMed1990

[Presence of a non-HLA antigen in B-lymphocytes from patients with rheumatic fever and their relatives defined using monoclonal antibodies].

Numerous investigators have suspected that there is a genetic predisposition to rheumatic fever (RF). In this context a group of investigators at Rockefeller University have produced a monoclonal antibody that identifies an antigen present in 100% of all RF studied at that center. Using this antibody, labeled D8/17, we studied 47 patients with acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Of these, 39 were not receiving steroids at the of the test and 35 were positive for the marker (89.7%). The highest percentage of positive cells was seen in the probands with 34.6 +/- 13.16%, while unaffected mothers, fathers and siblings gave 24.9, 5.2 and 7.3% respectively. The control group had an average of 7.5% of positive cells. This study and previous ones, performed by the Rockefeller University group in which HLA typing was included, suggest an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance, not associated with the MHC system, for the D8/17 antigen. Rheumatic fever; non-HLA antigen in; genetic predisposition in.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The prognosis of thrombocytopenic purpura using predictive criteria evaluation by multivariate analysis methods].

The development of predictive systems with the resources of multivariate analysis let us to do gradually a more objective medicine. In this study we correlate a set of characteristics observed in 39 patients with thrombocytopenic purpura during the first week of medical treatment against the score of severity of the whole purpuric disorder, evaluated a the 25 week of evolution. It was accomplished with a model of multiple logistic regression of successive steps which let us to get the weights of each one of the indicants in order to predict the severity of the whole hemorrhagic diathesis. Probably the more significative indicants of severity are intracranial bleeding, profuse nasal and vaginal bleeding, profuse petechial bleeding and the presence of hematomas.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Bacterial-induced diarrhoea.

In diverse parts of the world, many bacterial strains have been recognised as the causative agents of diarrhoea. Great achievements have been made in perceiving the varied mechanisms which explain their intestinal pathogenicity. These achievements include the elucidation of the 5 mechanisms of disease production by Escherichia coli, the mechanisms of action of Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter and Yersinia, new information about antimicrobial-associated colitis caused by Clostridium difficile and the recognition of microbes such as Aeromonas hydrophila and Pleisomonas shigelloides. Information is available on the use and indications of antimicrobial treatment in children with diarrhoea of bacterial aetiology which is proven or suspected by clinical symptomatology or simple laboratory procedures. Finally, the usefulness of oral rehydrating solutions has been appreciated in the prevention as well as in the correction of diarrhoeal dehydration.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical outcome of invasive infections in children caused by highly penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae compared with infections caused by penicillin-susceptible strains.

BACKGROUND: In this report based on data from the Institutional Surveillance System during 1994-1998, we document the continuing emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez in Mexico City. METHODS: We evaluate the clinical course of 49 invasive pneumococcal infection outside the central nervous system (CNS) by a number of factors including the site, severity, and place where the infection was acquired, the underlying health of the patient, and the adequacy of antimicrobial therapy. RESULTS: An underlying illness was present in 21 of 49 (43%) patients, 37 (75%) patients had taken previous antimicrobial therapy, and 25% of the infections were nosocomially acquired. Overall, 25 of 49 (51%) of the pneumococcal strains tested were pencillin-resistant; strains with the highest resistance to penicillin were also resistant to cephalosporins. Twenty-two percent of all strains were considered to be multidrug-resistant. Eleven of 25 penicillin-resistant strains were identified as multidrug-resistant, i.e., to erythromycin, TMP/SMX, and chloramphenicol. Ten serotypes accounted for 88% of the isolates, the most frequent serotypes being 23F, 14, 19V, 6A, and 6B. The overall case-fatality rate was 37% (18 of 49), with most deaths occurring within 3-5 days after antibiotic therapy was initiated. There was no difference in the case fatality rate between children with penicillin-nonsusceptible and penicillin-susceptible pneumococcal infections; instead; case-fatality rate correlated with severity of illness on admission and presence of underlying disease. CONCLUSIONS: Characterizing groups at risk for invasive pneumococcal disease could aid in the development of preventive programs and increase the benefits from wide use of future conjugated vaccines.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Histiocytosis. Clinical aspects in childhood].

The clinical and pathologic features in 11 cases of histiocytosis were reviewed. The were 6 cases of Hand-Schüller-Christian, disease 4 cases of Letterer-Siwe and 1 case of eosinophilic granuloma. The clinical differences among those diseases are outlined. We agree with other authors that the symptoms are related in great measure to the moment of embryonic differentation in which the proliferation occurred. When proliferation is present at an early stage of development of macrophage (promonocyte), a more malignant disease appears than when it occurs at a later stage (macrophage). The treatment of histiocytosis is briefly outlined.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antimicrobial resistance characteristics of clinical isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the antibiotic susceptibility of recent isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes and to evaluate the prevalence of macrolide-resistant phenotypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In 1999, we conducted a cross-sectional study at Mexico Children's Hospital "Federico Gomez", to analyze one hundred strains of S. pyogenes isolated from 1992 to 1998, in children with uncomplicated pharyngotonsillitis. Strains were frozen at the bacteriology lab until they were analyzed. Strains were tested for susceptibility against some beta-lactams, macrolides and clindamycin. Double-disk testing was carried out to evaluate erythromycin-resistant phenotypes. Data are presented using central tendency measures. RESULTS: All tested strains were not resistant to beta-lactams and clindamycin; 16% of the strains were resistant to macrolides and all of them belonged to phenotype M. CONCLUSIONS: Susceptibility testing is recommended to identify possible changes in antibiotic resistance to streptococci.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗