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Biomedical subjects

R S Stanwick

Publications and source records attributed to R S Stanwick.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Infant walker injuries persist in Canada after sales have ceased.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the source of acquisition of infant walkers and attitudes regarding the continuing use of walkers following an injury to an infant in order to design preventive strategies. DESIGN: Descriptive and retrospective. SETTING: Emergency department of a children's hospital involved in primary, secondary and tertiary care. PATIENTS: All patients presenting with injuries associated with infant walkers over a 42-month period. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Source of acquisition of infant walker and actions taken after the injury. RESULTS: The demographic and outcome data of the 36 patients were similar to previous reports. The caretakers of 26 patients were reached by telephone. Eight walkers were purchased in the United States and 18 were second-hand acquisitions (new walkers are not available for sale in Canada). Only two families continued using their walkers in the same fashion as prior to the injury. CONCLUSIONS: Although new infant walkers are not sold in Canada, injuries associated with their use continue. An aggressive public education campaign discouraging infant walker use and an incentive driven recall campaign to retrieve circulating walkers are seen as complimentary preventive strategies. A similar approach should be considered in other countries that choose to regulate infant walkers.

Accidental Falls↗
PubMed1991

The natural history and predictive value of early language delays in very low birth weight infants.

A cohort of 28 VLBW (less than or equal to 1500 g) infants was assessed at 1 and 3 years of age for hearing, language development and neurological status. Language delays were detected in 11 (39%) infants at 1 year, and in four (15%) at follow up at 3 years of age (P less than 0.05). Language quotients were significantly associated with perinatal variables at 1 but not at 3 years of age. Infants with neurological abnormalities had significantly lower language quotients at the 3-year follow up. No child with a normal language profile at 1 year exhibited a delay at 3 years of age.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Language development of very low birth weight infants and fullterm controls at 12 months of age.

Twenty-eight very low birth weight (VLBW) and 32 full term infants were prospectively assessed at one year of age for hearing, language development and neurological status. The prevalence of conductive hearing deficits was the same in both groups. Language scores in VLBW infants were significantly lower than in fullterm controls and 39% had significant language delays. VLBW infants exhibited a shorter attention span and were less likely to understand simple questions, to recognize objects or body parts when named, to initiate speech-gesture games, to follow simple commands and to imitate or use words consistently. Language quotients were directly associated with gestational age and five minute Apgar scores and inversely associated with severity of intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and length of hospital stay. VLBW small for gestational age infants exhibited more advanced language skills than VLBW appropriate for gestational age infants. Language delays were more prevalent among, but not limited to, infants with mild to moderate neurological abnormalities. The influence of prematurity and VLBW on language development is complex and multifactorial and research is continuing to determine the predictive validity and long term significance of the early language delays described in this study.

Apgar Score↗
PubMed1989

Dissociation in alternative healers and traditional therapists: a comparative study.

Nineteen psychiatry residents were compared to 12 community-based alternative healers on the Dissociative Experiences Scale and the Dissociative Disorders Interview Schedule. Neither group showed evidence of extensive psychopathology. However, the alternative healers reported more Schneiderian symptoms, extrasensory experiences, and secondary features of multiple personality disorder. Among the healers, these experiences did not seem to be indicative of psychopathology, and were in fact valued and sought after. Dissociative experiences are not necessarily indicators of psychiatric disorder in nonclinical groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Giardiasis associated with the use of a water slide.

Although Giardia lamblia cysts are an important contaminant of surface water supplies, only one swimming pool outbreak, involving an infant and toddler swim class, has been reported. We describe an outbreak of giardiasis associated with a hotel's new water slide pool which was cleansed by both bromination and sand filtration. Among the 107 hotel guests and their visitors surveyed, 29 probable and 30 laboratory-confirmed cases of Giardia infection were found. Cases ranged from 3 to 58 years of age, with a mean age of 21 years. The 5-year modal age grouping was 5 to 10 years of age. Symptoms in the 59 cases included: diarrhea (48), cramps (38), foul smelling stools (29), loss of appetite (23), fatigue (20), vomiting (18), greasy stools (15), fever (11) and weight loss (10). Four children and 2 adults were hospitalized. Significant associations were found for staying at the hotel, using the water slide pool and swallowing pool water. A possible contributing factor was the emptying of an adjacent toddlers' wading pool, a potential source of fecal material, into the water slide pool. Transmission of Giardia can occur in water slide pools and therefore should be considered in cases of protracted diarrhea among users of such pools.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Where Manitoba children obtain their cigarettes.

People who start to smoke as children put themselves at greater risk of dying prematurely or being disabled by tobacco-induced disease. One solution is to restrict children's access to cigarettes, thereby reducing consumption of the product and, ultimately, damage to health. This study found that in 1985 the majority of Manitoba public school children 8 to 15 years of age who smoked "regularly" (defined as usually every day) obtained their cigarettes from stores. This source could be reduced, if not eliminated, were a federal regulation passed in 1908 enforced. Under Canada's Tobacco Restraint Act it is illegal for merchants to sell tobacco to anyone under the age of 16 years. By implementing this existing law, authorities would not only be keeping the profit from almost a million dollars in cigarette sales in Manitoba alone out of tobacco company coffers but also be having an impact on the leading cause of preventable premature death and disability in Canada.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Day-care versus inpatient pediatric surgery: a comparison of costs incurred by parents.

The cost-effectiveness for parents of day-care pediatric surgery was assessed by comparing time and financial costs associated with two surgical procedures, one (squint repair) performed exclusively as a day-care procedure, the other (adenoidectomy) performed exclusively as an inpatient procedure. All but 1 of 165 eligible families participated. The children underwent surgery between February and July 1981. The day-care surgery group (59 families) incurred average total time costs of 16.1 hours, compared with 37.1 hours for the inpatient surgery group (105 families), as parents in the latter group remained with their child during the longer hospital stay. Parents from out of town incurred the greater time and financial costs. In both groups parents of younger children tended to spend more time at the hospital than parents of older children. Type of surgical management was not a significant factor in out-of-pocket expenses. Loss of income was associated with employment of the mother as a professional or a manager and may reflect inequalities in access to compassionate leave between men and women in equivalent positions. Opening day-care surgery facilities on weekends might reduce the financial burden on working mothers. Overall, day-care surgery was found to be cost-effective for families.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1987

Pediatric day-care surgery: a 30-year hospital experience.

Over a 30-year period (may 1955 to December 1985), day care surgery was performed on 39,654 patients at the Winnipeg Children's Hospital (WCH). Up to 51% of all pediatric surgical cases and 59% of elective pediatric cases, involving more than 50 different procedures, were performed annually on a day-care basis. The overall incidence of postoperative problems and admission to hospital was 1.5% and 1.1%, respectively. A unique preoperative home visiting program by nurses was demonstrably effective in reducing late cancellations by 75%. The WCH experience adds further evidence that day-care surgery in a pediatric hospital is safe and effective for a large proportion of infants and children requiring operation.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1985

Clothing burns in Canadian children.

A Canadian survey of 11 tertiary care pediatric centres with specialized burn facilities revealed that an estimated 37 children up to 9 years of age are admitted annually to such hospitals because of clothing burns. Sleepwear accounts for an estimated 21 such burns per year. Girls were found to suffer the most severe burns and represented eight of the nine children in the series who died. Loose and flowing garments dominated the girls' styles. The results of multiple-regression analysis confirmed that style of clothing (loose and flowing as opposed to snug) was the most significant predictor of burn severity, length of hospital stay, the need for skin grafting and survival. The ignition situation (avoidance of parental supervision at the time of injury) was the only other important predictor. The success of regulatory actions in other countries in reducing the incidence of severe clothing burns is reviewed, and preventive strategies for Canada are explored.

Burns↗
PubMed1981

Tap water burns.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Burns↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey of pediatric discharge educational programs in North American burn units.

In this study we contacted all of the 149 major North American burn facilities that treat children. The survey determined topics covered in discharge teaching, personnel administering the programs, methods used, and obstacles encountered. The subjects addressed and the personnel involved have changed little from a decade ago. Unfortunately, one fourth of the centers still do not deal with emotional aspects of burns in their discharge programs. For program delivery, videotape is becoming an increasingly accepted teaching method. Eighty-five percent of burn facilities experienced barriers to patient education at discharge, with more than half reporting three or more difficulties. The most common difficulty was time constraints (50%), followed by language and sociocultural barriers (41%), lack of receptivity by clientele (39%), lack of educational materials and planning (26%), and inadequate funding (25%). Some of these problems might be alleviated by the establishment of a clearinghouse for burn educational materials.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Migraine and complex seizures in children.

A diagnosis of migraine was made in 240 children referred to the Pediatric Neurology Service of the Children's Hospital of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, in a 6-year period from January 1975 to December 1980. Fifty-four of these children had seizures, and in this subgroup 19 (35%) had partial seizures with complex symptomatology. Fourteen of the 19 children had common migraine. Fourteen children had abnormalities in interictal EEGs; EEG findings included focal slow waves, sharp waves, and sharp-and-slow waves. The temporal regions were the sites of abnormality in 13 children. Calculation of the critical ratio and use of the two-sided test approach showed that the probability of seeing 19 children with migraine and complex seizures in our population on the basis of chance was extremely low (p = 0.0096). Our study suggests the presence of an association between migraine and partial seizures with complex symptomatology.

Adolescent↗