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Biomedical subjects

R Sachs

Publications and source records attributed to R Sachs.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

The measurement of anterior knee laxity after ACL reconstructive surgery.

An objective clinical instrument known as a knee ligament Arthrometer was developed. The instrumentation system was applied to measurements of knee ligament laxity in the operating room with the patients under anesthesia. Prereconstruction and immediate postreconstruction measurements were made with the patient still on the operating table. The change in laxity of the patient's operated knee as compared to the opposite nonoperated control knee was documented for 19 chronic and 24 acute patients. Four separate reconstruction types were studied in the operating room. The immediate postreconstruction measurements documented that all four of the reconstruction types were equally effective in the immediate restoration of normal laxity in the ACL-deficient knees. The Arthrometer proved to be a useful tool for confirming that each patient's normal knee laxity was reestablished in the O.R. by its reconstruction.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

Instrumented measurement of anterior laxity of the knee.

We performed instrumented measurement of anterior-posterior laxity of the knee in thirty-three cadaver specimens, 338 normal subjects, and eighty-nine patients with unilateral disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament. The test instrument was the Medmetric knee arthrometer, model KT-2000. We measured total anterior-posterior laxity, produced by anterior and posterior loads of eighty-nine newtons (twenty pounds), and the anterior compliance index. The total anterior-posterior laxity is composed of an anterior displacement and a posterior displacement; these are measured from a testing reference position, defined as the resting position of the knee after applying and then releasing a posterior load of eighty-nine newtons. The anterior compliance index is defined as the anterior displacement between an anterior load of sixty-seven newtons and one of eighty-nine newtons. All tests were performed with the knee held on a thigh support that placed the knee in 20 +/- 5 degrees of flexion. The mean anterior displacement at eighty-nine newtons was 5.7 millimeters in a group of normal subjects and 13.0 millimeters in a group of patients with a disrupted anterior cruciate ligament. Ninety-two per cent of the normal subjects had a left knee-right knee difference in anterior displacement of no more than two millimeters, while 96 per cent of the patients with a unilateral disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament had an injured knee-normal knee difference in anterior displacement of more than two millimeters. Ninety-three per cent of the normal subjects had a difference in the left-right compliance index of no more than 0.5 millimeter, and 85 per cent of the patients with unilateral disruption of the anterior cruciate ligament had a difference in the compliance index of the injured and normal sides of more than 0.5 millimeter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Morphology of the lung fluke Paragonimus uterobilateralis occurring in Gabon, West Africa.

The morphology of two adult lung flukes and eggs obtained from an experimentally infected cat in Gabon corresponded in almost all details with the type material of Paragonimus uterobilateralis. The taxonomic differences between these lung flukes and the type material of P. africanus are summarized. The zoogeography of West African Paragonimus species is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The superiority of the miniature Anion-Exchange Centrifugation Technique for detecting low grade trypanosome parasitaemias.

The efficiency was tested of the Haematocrit Centrifugation Technique (HCT) and the miniature Anion-Exchange Centrifugation Technique (mAECT) for demonstrating trypanosomes in the blood of four antelopes experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Liberia. During simultaneous daily application of both methods over a period of six months, parasitaemias were detected on 12 occasions by HCT and on 73 occasions by mAECT during 473 examination days, thus indicating the superiority of the mAECT for the detection of low grade trypanosome infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Identity of Trypanozoon stocks isolated from man and a domestic dog in Liberia.

The isoenzyme patterns (electrophoresis on thin-layer starch gel) and the human serum resistance (blood incubation infectivity test) of a Trypanozoon stock from a dog and 14 stocks from man in Liberia were examined. The complete conformity of criteria for man-infectivity of the dog stock with 5 human stocks and the very close similarity to the 9 remaining stocks from the same epidemiological locality indicates the dog as a reservoir host of gambiense sleeping sickness.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1983

Successful treatment with praziquantel of six patients infected with the African lung fluke, Paragonimus uterobilateralis.

Six cases of human paragonimiasis (Paragonimus uterobilateralis) are documented from Liberia and Guinea. These are the first cases reported from these countries. Paragonimiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of any West African patient who presents with hemoptysis. Praziquantel was used successfully to treat these patients, and may be the drug of choice for P. uterobilateralis infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Paragonimus uterobilateralis as the cause of 3 cases of human paragonimiasis in Gabon].

During 1981, three cases of pulmonary paragonimiasis were diagnosed and successfully treated at the Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Lambarene, Gabon. Circumstances prevented our receiving eggs for identification of the lung fluke species involved. The history revealed that all the patients originated from the same small village Mitoné, some 10 km north of Lambarene. Extensive testing in the region failed to reveal further cases. Our efforts, therefore, were concentrated on the study of the intermediate crustacean hosts responsible for the human infections. We examined 90 fresh-water crabs of the species Sudanonautes aubryi and S. africanus collected from small creeks located close to the village of the patients. 14 per cent of the former species and 8 per cent of the latter contained freely moving, non-encysted metacercariae resembling those of Paragonimus uterobilateralis. A domestic cat was subsequently infected with these metacercariae. During autopsy of the cat some 260 days later, 2 adult lung flukes were recovered and clearly identified as P. uterobilateralis, confirming the diagnosis on the larval metacercariae. These findings support the surmise that the human cases of paragonimiasis in the same area could be attributed to an infection with P. uterobilateralis.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The pathology and treatment of metastatic disease of the femur.

Two hundred eighty-three pathologic fractures and 23 impending fractures of the hip and femur were analyzed and compared after surgical treatment. One hundred ninety-six fractures were treated by internal fixation or prosthetic replacement and the adjunctive use of methylmethacrylate, and 110 were treated by surgery without the use of methylmethacrylate. Pain relief, ambulatory activities and survival rates were all enhanced in the methylmethacrylate group. The six failures of fixation in the nonacrylic group might have been prevented by the use of bone cement. Breast carcinoma was the most common metastasis, comprising 56% of the series. Kidney metastases, when treated aggressively, showed many long-term survivors. Lung metastases gave the worst prognoses. The overall series survival rates were 59% at six months and 48% at 12 months. The incidence of complications including infection were not related to the use of methylmethacrylate or preoperative radiation. Although many authors have reported the advantages of methylmethacrylate in stabilization of pathological fractures, none have compared the results by analyzing pain relief, ambulatory ability and survival times in those treated with and without bone cement. This study appears to clearly indicate that methylmethacrylate enhances the stability of the pathological fracture and contributes to achieving the goals of treatment in these severely compromised patients.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1982

Human paragonimiasis caused by Paragonimus uterobilateralis in Liberia and Guinea, West Africa.

In the children from Liberia and one woman from Guinea an infection with the lung fluke Paragonimus uterobilateralis was diagnosed, being the first cases of human paragonimiasis recorded in these two West African countries. Species determination was based on measurements and morphological structure of the parasite ova isolated from sputum and stool of the patients, and supported by biological and epidemiological evidence of the occurrence of this parasite species in natural animal hosts and P. uterobilateralis--metacercariae in freshwater crab populations in various parts of Liberia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Retinal vein occlusion.

A brief description is given of the main clinical, histological and epidemiological circumstances of retinal vein occlusion. In an assessment of the pathogeneis of the condition, primacy is given to the role of arteriolar flow insufficiency and stress is laid on the long-standing capillaropathy which precedes the heamorrhagic phase of the disease. Basic therapeutic considerations are mentioned but stress is laid on the diagnosis of the pre-occlusive stage and on measures of a preventive nature that may be taken. Retinal vein occlusion and haemorrhagic cerebral infarct are compared with regard to their pathogenesis and the advantages are discussed of a common ophthalmoscopic study of retinal vein occlusion with neurologists interested in cerebral vascular disease leading to an interchange of therapeutic experience in both conditions. Finally, there are detailed the studies in retinal vein occlusion being conducted by the Jerusalem Institute for the Prevention of Blindness. These are studies of incidence, natural history and of pathogenesis as observed in the experimental disease produced in rhesus monkey.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1977

Neurofibromatosis and congenital glaucoma. A case report.

Congenital glaucoma may be associated with other developmental disorders and particularly with neurofibromatosis. A baby girl, with unilateral buphthalmus, thickening of the upper eye lid on the same side and café au lait spots on her body lost this eye in spite of repeated interventions. Histological examination revealed the presence of neurofibromatic and congenital glaucoma changes in the eye. There was no neurofibroma in the angle area which could have caused glaucoma. Glaucoma was due to failure of normal development of the angle.

Eye Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

[On the distribution of the lung flukes, Paragonimus africanus and P. uterobilateralis, in the South West Province of Cameroon and in Eastern Nigeria as determined by examination of the intermediate crab hosts for infection with metacercariae (author's transl)].

During 1973-75 the distribution of the lung flukes, Paragonimus africanus and P. uterobilateralis, was studied in South West-Cameroon and in Eastern Nigeria, on the basis of parasitological examinations of the intermediate crab hosts Sudanonautes africanus, S. pelii, and S. aubryi, belonging to the family Potamonidae. 1000 freashwater crabs from 80 localities were examined for prevalence and intensity of infection with Paragonimus methacercariae. In Cameroon S. pelii was found to be a new intermediate host for P. uterobilateralis, and S. aubryi a new host for P. africanus. The morphology, behavior, and habitats of the crabs are summarized. In Eastern Nigeria only metacercariae of P. uterobilateralis were found. The main endemic area was located in the basin of the upper Imo River. Outside this area infected crabs were found only in and around Arochukwu, in the lower tributaries of the Cross River. This distribution differs from that given by Nwokolo (1974), which was based on the origin of clinical cases. These differences are discussed. In South West-Cameroon both Paragonimus species were found. The highest prevalence and intensity of metacercariae of P. africanus was seen in certain tributaries of the Mungo River in the area of Lower Bakossi. Proceeding northwards towards Mamfe, infections with P. africanus decreased steadily, whereas infections with P. uterobilateralis increased. On the upper reaches of the Cross River from the region around Mamfe and extending as far as the Nigerian fronter at Ekok, the crabs were infected exclusively with P. uterobilateralis. The unexplored mildle reaches of the Cross River may form a bridge between the endemic areas of this lung fluke in Nigeria and Cameroon.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Human ocular dirofilariasis in Israel.

This is the first report of human ocular dirofilariasis in Israel. A single female worm, Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) conjunctivae, was removed from an eye of each of two male patients. In the first case the worm was dead upon removal. It had penetrated into the sclera and was lodged in a subconjunctival abscess. In the second case, the worm was alive and located superficially in a slight swelling near the inner canthus. Surgical removal of the worms under local anesthesia was followed by complete recovery in both patients, with no impairment of vision.

Adult↗