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Biomedical subjects

R Saltstone

Publications and source records attributed to R Saltstone.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1997

Knowledge of medical-legal issues. Survey of Ontario family medicine residents.

OBJECTIVE: To ascertain how much family medicine residents know about medical-legal issues and what their attitudes toward medical-legal training are. DESIGN: Survey using multiple-choice questions to assess knowledge of typical legal scenarios and attitudes to training. Responses to questions were assessed using a Likert scale. SETTING: University of Ottawa's Family Medicine Program, including the Northeastern Ontario Family Medicine Program and the Melrose and Elizabeth Bruyere Family Medicine Centres. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-five family medicine residents in the University of Ottawa's Family Medicine Program. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic information and answers to questions assessing respondents' knowledge of and attitudes toward medical-legal issues. RESULTS: Mean score for correct responses was 8.6 out of 16 possible correct responses. Resident's knowledge about certain issues was excellent, such as knowing that comments can be constructed as sexual abuse and that they should report patients whose medical conditions make it dangerous for them to operate motor vehicles. On other issues, such as how to treat incompetent individuals and how to treat minors when parents refuse consent for treatment, residents' knowledge seemed poor. Although residents thought knowledge of medical-legal issues was important for providing good-quality care to patients and avoiding litigation, they felt inadequately trained in and uncomfortable about dealing with these issues. CONCLUSIONS: Residents are somewhat confused about medical-legal issues. They seem very interested in learning medical-legal principles. These findings should encourage educators to provide opportunity for residents to gain knowledge in these areas.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Tavern patrons and the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale: self-reported drinking behavior in relation to the MMPI L and K scales.

This study investigated the ability of the MacAndrew Alcoholism (MAC) Scale to distinguish between alcoholics and nonalcoholics using self-ratings from patrons of taverns (N = 128); while only about 14% of the variance in the MAC Scale was accounted for by the self-rating (alcoholic/nonalcoholic) scale, the MAC Scale correctly identified 70% of those who reported alcohol use to levels consistent with alcoholic dependency after variance in the alcohol use scale attributable to the L and K scales of the MMPI was accounted for.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Offense type and two-point MMPI code profiles: discriminating between violent and nonviolent offenders.

Offense data and MMPI profiles were examined for 67 men who had been remanded by the courts to a psychiatric hospital forensic unit for pretrial assessment. They were classified as violent or nonviolent offenders based upon the nature of their offenses. Violent offenders were those charged with assault, robbery, sexual assault, and all degrees of homicide. Nonviolent offenders were those charged with break, enter and commit, uttering threats, and fraud. The controversial issue of two-point MMPI code types (4-3, 4-8/8-4) was addressed. Neither of these commonly employed two-point types successfully discriminated between violent and nonviolent offenders.

Antisocial Personality Disorder↗
PubMed1990

An empirical demonstration of the problem of cluster dissimilarity from different clustering methods in a single sample.

This study utilized the four most commonly employed clustering techniques (CLINK, SLINK, UPGMA, and Ward's) to illustrate the dissimilarity of cluster group membership (based upon short-form MMPI scale scores and a measure of alcohol dependency) between partitions in a sample of 113 impaired driving offenders. Results, examined with the Rand index of cluster comparison, demonstrated that cluster group membership can be so different between alternative clustering methods as to equal chance assignment. Cautions are given with regard to the use of cluster analysis for other than exploratory work. In particular, psychologists are cautioned against attempting to use cluster analysis based upon personality inventory scores (which can never be wholly reliable or discrete) for patient classification.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Attributional differences for driving while impaired: a comparison of alcoholics, inmates, and impaired drivers.

This study examines the differences among attributions for reasons for arrest and attributions for blame among groups of Canadian alcoholics, correctional facility inmates, and impaired drivers. Multiple-recidivist impaired driving offenders were more likely to attribute blame for impaired driving behavior to the mental-element factor alcoholism, even though they possessed lower General Alcoholism Scale (Wanberg, Horn, & Foster, 1977) scores than alcoholic subjects. They did not differ in their attributions to luck versus motivation or to general driving ability in their assessment of the reasons for arrest but did view the task of driving well while drunk as being less difficult than other groups. Inconsistencies in responses regarding responsibility for behavior are related to attribution theories which differentiate between perceptions of controllability and intentionality.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A multivariate evaluation of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and the Drug Abuse Screening Test in a female offender population.

The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST) and the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST) are instruments designed to detect alcohol and drug abuse, respectively. Short versions (20 self-report items) of each instrument were administered to a sample of 615 women who were in jail or on probation. Principal-components analysis (PCA) was applied to the items of each instrument. Four factors similar to those found in previous research were identified, however the instruments were essentially found to be unidimensional. Subjecting pooled MAST and DAST items to PCA did not result in the identification of an underlying factor.

Adolescent↗