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Biomedical subjects

R Sano

Publications and source records attributed to R Sano.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Long-term chemotherapy using erythromycin (EM) for chronic lower airway infection: effectiveness of clarithromycin in EM ineffective cases--the fourth report].

The effectiveness of long-term chemotherapy using Erythromycin (EM) for chronic lower airway infection has been practically proved. However, there still exist some ineffective cases, or cases in which the clinical effect was scarcely seen. In the present study was administered Clarithromycin (CAM) to such cases and found that CAM was effective in alleviating symptoms in some of them. The results were presented along with clinical findings and other basic studies. The subjects were 4 cases in which EM was either ineffective or low in its clinical effect. The subjects consisted of 1 case of DPB and 3 cases of bronchiectasis. EM was clinically ineffective in 2 cases and slightly effective in the two others. The pathogen was Pseudomonas aeruginosa in all cases. The dosage of EM was 200-1200 mg/day. The period of administration ranged from 2 years to 6 years 9 months. CAM was given orally after meals at a dose of either 200 or 400 mg/day. Chemotherapy had continued for 3-8 months at the time of final observation (Feb. 1992). Clinical effectiveness was evaluated on the basis of sputum volume and PaO2 examination, as well as evaluation by the patients themselves. As a result, in all 4 cases, reduction in sputum volume and improvement of PaO2 were observed. All subjects evaluated CAM therapy as being more effective than EM therapy. Moreover, it was found that CAM inhibited both the elastase and leucocidin produced in one of the ineffective cases by P. aeruginosa, whereas EM didnt.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[A clinical study of respiratory tract infection due to Staphylococcus aureus detected by transtracheal aspiration].

A clinical study of 24 patients with respiratory tract infection due to S. aureus detected by transtracheal aspiration (TTA) was conducted, and the following results were obtained. 1) The detection frequency of S. aureus was relatively low (4.6%). 2) Pneumonia was the principal clinical manifestation. 3) Approximately one half of the patients had previously received antimicrobials. 4) Multiple organisms were frequently detected, particularly in cases of hospital-acquired infection. H. influenzae was the most frequently simultaneously detected organism. 5) On sputum examination, approximately 20 ml of purulent sputum was found in most cases, and S. aureus was detected in sputum specimens from 20 of the patients. 6) The largest number of cases was found in 1987. Onset was most common from autumn to spring. 7) Undernutrition was the most frequently associated host factor. As indicated by the above findings, the clinical expression of S. aureus infection is variable, and it is important that it be diagnosed accurately.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[The long-term chemotherapy with erythromycin (EM) in chronic lower respiratory tract infections--third report: clinical study of cases administered EM over 3 years].

An investigation was made of the use of EM therapy which began in 1986 or earlier in 31 cases with chronic lower respiratory tract infections. 1) Of the 20 cases in which EM (Erythromycin stearate) administration (600-1200 mg/day) was continued for 3 years or more and its usefulness could be evaluated, treatment with this agent was judged markedly effective in three, effective in 14, somewhat effective in two, and ineffective in one. This amounted to an effectiveness rate (effective or better) of 85%. 2) Improved QOL was observed in 15 of the 20 cases. 3) In the Pseudomonas infected cases, a discrepancy was seen between the effectiveness rate of 87.5% and the disappearance rate of the organism (12.5%), while in the Haemophilus cases no such discrepancy was found (75%). 4) EM administration was stopped in 11 cases because of side effects in two (stomatitis, gastrointestinal disorder) death in five, desire of the patient in three, and transfer to another hospital in one. The cause of death cases had no connection with administration of EM. 5) In the three patients who stopped EM on their own, the agent was again administered because of exacerbation of symptoms, although this readministration proved ineffective in two of the cases. The above results suggest that long term EM therapy is useful and that its continued administration is important.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The study on bacterial infection in chronic lower respiratory tract infection--from the viewpoints of acute and chronic infection].

Using mainly changes in the amount of sputum as an index of the infectious course of chronic lower respiratory tract infection associated with purulent sputum over years, the disease was divided into stable and acute exacerbated phases and a bacteriological investigation using transtracheal aspiration (TTA) conducted. TTA was performed 107 and 45 episodes during stable phases and acute exacerbated phases respectively. Monomicrobial and polymicrobial infection were detected most frequently during the stable and acute exacerbated phases respectively (p less than 0.01). During the stable phases, the single organisms detected most frequently were H. influenzae (26 episodes) and P. aeruginosa (20 episodes), while in the cases in which multiple organisms were detected during stable phases, combination including H. influenzae were most common (19 episodes). H. influenzae was the most frequently detected organism in cases showing single organisms during acute exacerbated phases (7 episodes). In the cases in which multiple organisms were detected as well, H. influenzae was the most commonly detected organism assumed to predispose to exacerbation (7 episodes), while P. aeruginosa was not found. These results suggest that in chronic lower respiratory tract infection. H. influenzae and P. aeruginosa are important as persistent infective organisms, while H. influenzae are important in acute exacerbation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Quantitative analysis of ocular movements in Parkinson's disease.

In the present study, oculomotor abnormalities were investigated in 24 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Pursuit gain, slow and fast phase velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN), saccade latency, amplitude and velocity, as well as vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain were quantitatively analyzed. Twenty-one out of 24 patients showed some abnormalities in their ocular movement. A reduction in pursuit gain, impaired OKN and a significantly increased saccade latency were observed in 11 patients. In 12 patients, hypometric saccade was seen, while a decrease in saccade velocity was observed in 10 patients. All patients registered normal values for VOR gain. Only one patient who had impaired smooth pursuit and decreased saccade velocity before treatment with a dopaminergic drug showed a remarkable improvement in these ocular abnormalities after treatment. These results suggest the possibility of dopaminergic control on these ocular movements.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Effects of temperature on the immobilization and the initiation of motility of spermatozoa in the male reproductive tract of the domestic fowl, Gallus domesticus.

1. The motility of undiluted fowl spermatozoa taken from testis, epididymis and ductus deferens was negligible at 40 degrees C, around the normal avian body temperature. 2. The immobilization was not permanent and motility was restored by decreasing the temperature to 30 degrees C or by suspending in a NaCl/TES buffer with 2 mM Ca2+, 2 mM HCO3- or 10% seminal plasma at 40 degrees C. 3. Demembranated spermatozoa taken from testis, epididymis and ductus deferens were also immotile at 40 degrees C. However, these spermatozoa were restored the motility at 30 degrees C except testicular spermatozoa. 4. These results suggest that the capacity of movement of fowl spermatozoa can be readily obtained from testis, but that these spermatozoa are immotile due to temperature-dependent immobilization in the male reproductive tract. 5. Furthermore, it is possible that changes in environmental temperature at ejaculation are one of the important exogenous physiological factors of the initiation of fowl sperm motility.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Serum Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations of Japanese patients with coronary heart disease.

The serum Lp(a) lipoprotein concentration in 103 healthy control subjects was determined by ELISA (TintElise Lp(a) kit, Biopool, Umea, Sweden). The distribution of Lp(a) in the controls was highly skewed (mean 132, S.D. 109, median 99 mg/liter), which is similar to the results previously reported. Serum Lp(a) level in 104 subjects who underwent coronary angiography was also measured. These subjects were divided into two groups: 59 cases of stenosis(-) and 45 of stenosis(+) groups. Lp(a) level of the stenosis(+) group (mean 235, S.D. 197, median 159 mg/liter) was significantly higher than that of the stenosis(-) group (mean 156, S.D. 133, median 123 mg/liter) and of the controls (Wilcoxon test, p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively). Further, stenosis(+) group was divided into three subgroups: 20 with single vessel disease, 13 with double vessel disease and 12 with triple vessel disease subgroups. Lp(a) level was correlated with the number of stenotic coronary vessels (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, p less than 0.05). These results suggest that Lp(a) may play an important part as a risk factor for coronary heart disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparative study on computed tomography and neurotological findings in spinocerebellar degeneration.

The classification of SCD on the basis of the neurotological findings was with classification based on CT findings in 40 cass of SCD. The areas of pons, cerebellar hemisphere, vermis and posterior fossa on CT films were measured by craniometer, and were compared in order to estimate the degree of atrophy. From these assessments, patients were classified into 3 types as follows; (1) 14 cases of cerebellar type, (2) 9 cases of brain stem type and (3) 17 cases of combined type. The classification of SCD based on the neurotological findings including the findings of gaze test, positioning test, eye tracking test, OKN, and fixation suppression test of caloric nystagmus, was well correlated to the classification based on CT findings. From the results, neurotological examination was demonstrated to make a contribution to the estimation of lesions and types in SCD.

Caloric Tests↗
PubMed1988

[An epizootic Staphylococcus infection in a nude mouse colony].

An epizootic of Staphylococcus infection causing abscesses was encountered in a small-scale breeding colony of nude mice of BALB/c background. The incidence of abscess was sporadic and mostly nude (nu/nu) mice aged over 3 months were affected. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the face, oral cavity, and feces of almost all nu/nu and heterozygous (nu/+) mice in the colony. After a prolonged time period, up to 10 to 14 months of age, almost all the S. aureus-carrying nu/nu mice produced abscesses and eventually died. Athymicity of the host seemed to be a prerequisite for the abscess formation since nu/+ mice were spared from the lesions. Also, transfer of immunocompetent spleen cells cured the abscesses of the affected nude mice.

Abscess↗
PubMed1988

Apolipoprotein E phenotypes of normo- and hyperlipoproteinemia in Japanese.

Apolipoprotein E phenotypes of normo- and hyperlipoproteinemia in Japanese were examined by the disc gel isoelectric focusing technique, which was modified according to the method of Kashyap et al. (1981). Apoprotein E isoproteins were clearly separated by this method. Six phenotypes (E2/2, E3/3, E4/4, E2/3, E2/4 and E3/4) were determined in 107 cases of normolipoproteinemia and 75 cases of hyperlipoproteinemia. In normolipoproteinemia, apoE phenotype frequencies were similar to those of the Japanese and Caucasian populations which were reported previously. In hyperlipoproteinemia, a higher frequency of phenotype E2/2 and a lower frequency of E3/3 were observed. The apo E phenotypes of type IIa and IIb were distributed similarly to that of normal subjects. In contrast, only 27.8% of type IV patients had E3/3 phenotype. Among type V patients 64.3% was homozygous or heterozygous for E-4, and only 14.3% was homozygous for E-3 (E3/3). The results suggest that the apolipoprotein E phenotypes are similarly distributed among different human races and the apolipoprotein E phenotypes could be one of the etiological factors associated with some types of hyperlipoproteinemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Biological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from nude mice.

The characteristics of 50 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from BALB/c nude mice (nu/nu, nu/+) with or without subcutaneous abscesses [13] were examined. All the 50 strains belonged to biotype B according to the classification by Hájek and Marsálek. All of them were phage typable, showing a single phage pattern of 52A/79/47/53/77/83A/85. The coagulase type was classified as VII. All of the 50 strains were highly sensitive to penicillin, methylphenylisoxazolyl penicillin, erythromycin, spiramycin, lincomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, kanamycin, gentamicin and cephaloridine, but were resistant to sulfisoxazole. Two S. aureus strains isolated from the nostril and finger of one person working in the mouse colony were identified as the same biotype as the murine strains but different in phage type, coagulase type and drug resistance pattern.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Effect of low density lipoprotein on DNA synthesis of cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells.

Increased concentration of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is one of the risk factors in atherosclerosis. We studied how DNA synthesis of human arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) was influenced in the culture added with or without small dose (25 micrograms of protein/ml) of LDL. LDL were ultracentrifugally obtained from normal subjects and diabetics. DNA synthesis was investigated at 6-h intervals during 36 h in the culture with or without LDL using [methyl-3H]thymidine. We found that DNA synthesis reached a maximum value at 24 h after addition of LDL. On the other hand sequential changes were not detectable in the culture without LDL addition. This effect of diabetic LDL was significantly (P less than 0.001) greater than that of normal LDL. These results suggested that LDL induces synchronization of the cultured SMC to synthesize DNA and diabetic LDL may play an atherogenic role more strongly than normal LDL in the arterial wall even in the normal range of LDL concentration.

Arteries↗
PubMed1985

Spontaneous arthritis in nude rats of Rowett hooded strain.

Spontaneous arthritis was found in 19 of 55 Rowett hooded strain rats with rnu gene. Most cases were in the male rnu/rnu (15/19) but a few occurred in the male rnu/+ (3/10) and female rnu/rnu (1/8). The lesions were first noted as reddened swelling due to exudative inflammation of periarticular soft tissues including synovial membranes in the tarsal and/or carpal joints. Most of the affected animals cured leaving slight induration but in a few male rnu/rnu ankylosis with pannus formation and exostosis developed. No sign of mycoplasmal or bacterial infection was noticed in the colony.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity in heterozygotes of familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency.

Serum lipoprotein pattern, apoproteins and two postheparin triglyceride lipases were analyzed in a patient with familial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency and her family. Serum of the patient showed extreme hyperchylomicronemia and her postheparin plasma LPL activity was distinctly decreased. None of heterozygotes had any type of hyperlipoproteinemia. The mother and brother of the patient had moderately decreased LPL activity. There were no consistent changes in hepatic triglyceride lipase (H-TGL) activity among heterozygotes. These results suggest that assay of LPL may be helpful for detection of heterozygotes in familial LPL deficiency.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

ApoE-2/E-3 ratio of very low density lipoprotein in diabetes mellitus.

Apolipoprotein E (apoE) of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in 22 diabetic patients was analysed by the method of one-dimensional isoelectrofocussing (IEF). We modified the IEF-method of Kashyap et al. by which apoE isoproteins were easily and accurately determined. The measurement of apoE-2/E-3 ratio was useful for determining apoE phenotypes. In 17 of 22 diabetics apoE phenotype was E3/3, while three patients showed E2/3 and two showed E3/4. ApoE-2/E-3 ratio was reduced from 0.91 +/- 0.07 to 0.73 +/- 0.04 (p less than 0.05) by the one month-period treatment in 10 insulin required diabetics. The ratio was also reduced from 1.06 +/- 0.14 to 0.89 +/- 0.09 (p less than 0.2) in 10 non-insulin required diabetics. The reduction in apoE-2/E-3 ratio was caused by an increase in apoE-3 band and a decrease in apoE-2 band which might be attributed to the changes in the sialic acid-content of isoproteins on the one-dimensional IEF method. Therefore, apoE phenotypes in diabetic patients should be determined when their diabetic state is improved.

Adult↗