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Biomedical subjects

R Sawa

Publications and source records attributed to R Sawa.

86 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Changes in plasma adenosine during simulated birth of fetal sheep.

Adenosine is known to inhibit nonshivering thermogenesis in adult brown fat. These experiments were undertaken to test whether fetal adenosine, normally present in high concentrations, suppresses lipolysis in utero and then falls after birth, permitting thermogenesis to begin. To test this hypothesis, we measured fetal plasma adenosine concentration [ADO] using high-performance liquid chromatography in 11 fetal sheep at 135-140 days gestation during simulated birth. During an initial control period, fetal [ADO] averaged 1.9 +/- 0.3 microM, about four times maternal [ADO] (0.4 +/- 0.1 microM, P less than 0.001). The fetus was then cooled by circulating cold water through a plastic coil encircled about the fetal torso. One hour later, when fetal core temperature had decreased 2.3 degrees C, fetal [ADO] averaged 2.8 +/- 0.5 microM, a 50% increase (P less than 0.05), while thermogenesis remained inactive. Next the fetal lungs were ventilated with O2 to raise arterial Po2 to greater than or equal to 150 Torr. Fetal [ADO] decreased only slightly, and thermogenic responses were modest. Finally, the umbilical cord was occluded. Fetal [ADO] decreased rapidly and 60 min later averaged 1.1 +/- 0.2 microM, 40% below initial control (P less than 0.05) and 57% below the previous period (P less than 0.001). As [ADO] fell, strong thermogenic responses became apparent, as indicated by seven- to eightfold increases in plasma glycerol (P less than 0.001) and a doubling in fetal O2 consumption (P less than 0.001). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that high fetal [ADO] inhibits thermogenesis before birth but then decreases after cord occlusion, allowing thermogenesis to begin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenosine↗
PubMed1991

Dioxamycin, a new benz[a]anthraquinone antibiotic.

A new antibiotic, dioxamycin (1) was isolated from the culture broth of the strain MH406-SF1, which was closely related to Streptomyces xantholiticus. This antibiotic was purified by countercurrent chromatography, column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The molecular formula of 1 was determined to be C38H40O15 by HRFAB-MS. The structure was determined by spectral analysis of 2D NMR; 1H-1H COSY, 13C-1H COSY, long range 13C-1H COSY (HMBC) and NOESY. The antibiotic is active in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria and some tumor cells. Dioxamycin is a benz[a]anthraquinone antibiotic related to capoamycin.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed1989

Organic mania induced by phenytoin: a case report.

Organic Mood Disorder of the manic type is a syndrome which resembles a manic episode but is due to a specific organic factor. Organic mania may be associated with a variety of physical illnesses such as temporal lobe epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, neoplasms and hyperthyroidism. In addition, organic mania can be associated with drugs including L-dopa, decongestants, sympathomimetics, steroids, baclofen withdrawal, cimetidine, and possibly captopril. This report describes a case of a 74 year old female who presented with a full syndrome of mania soon after being started on phenytoin. Neither the clinical picture, Mini-mental state score, nor EEG findings were suggestive of delirium. The syndrome resolved soon after the phenytoin was discontinued. This case suggests that phenytoin should be added to the list of medications capable of producing Organic Mood Syndrome, manic type.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Deletion 14q(q24.3 to q32.1) syndrome: significance of peculiar facial appearance in its diagnosis, and deletion mapping of Pi(alpha 1-antitrypsin).

A 10-month-old Japanese boy who had interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome No. 14; 46,XY, del(14)(pter----q24.3: :q32.1----qter) is reported. A peculiar facial appearance, including round face, frontal hypertrichosis with thick eyebrows, horizontal narrow palpebral fissures, a short bulbous nose with a flat nasal root, and mild micrognathia, appeared to be common with the two previously reported cases. We stress the significance of this peculiar facial appearance in the diagnosis of 14q-(q24.3 to q32.1) syndrome. The level of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the patient was only about half of that of his parents and controls, and the Pi locus was tentatively assigned to band 14q32.1.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1986

[BAEPs of children with malignant tumor undergoing cisplatin treatment].

The effect of cisplatin on the auditory nervous system was examined in five children using brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs). The cases comprized of two neuroblastoma, one yolk sac tumor one neurofibrosarcoma and one Hodgkin's disease. All patients except for one infant aged eight months showed a normal audiogram in the pre-treatment examination. Cisplatin was administered at a dose of 75-105 mg/m2 (body surface area). BAEP tests were performed after cisplatin treatment from two weeks to 20 months. The patients were tested at rest in bed using stimulation with a 3 KHz, 80-dBHL click at 150-msec intervals 2,000 times. Four cases showed an abnormal BAEP pattern in the post-treatment examination. Two of them showed not only delayed conduction velocity of the first wave but also auditory disturbance, but these findings were improved after discontinuation of drug administration. We concluded that cisplatin frequently affects the auditory nervous system, and that this disturbance might be transient in the early stage.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sonographic evaluation of umbilical cord insertion with umbilical coiling index.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between umbilical cord hypocoiling and abnormal placental insertion of the umbilical cord. METHODS: Umbilical coiling was measured by sonography in 253 pregnant women in their second or third trimester. An umbilical coiling index, defined here as the reciprocal of the length of 1 umbilical vascular coil, of less than 0.1 was considered hypocoiled. The distance from the placental edge to the insertion of the umbilical cord was measured after delivery, and the results were used to classify cord insertion as normal, marginal, or velamentous. RESULTS: Cord insertion was abnormal in 66.7% of the fetuses with umbilical hypocoiling but in only 1.3% of those whose coiling index was > or = 0.1 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hypocoiling of the umbilical cord was highly associated with abnormal cord insertion. The presence of a hypocoiled umbilical cord may indicate the presence of abnormal cord insertion and thus may be useful for obstetric management.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolation and structure determination of novel phosphatidylinositol kinase inhibitors, echiguanines A and B, from Streptomyces sp.

In the course of a screening program for phosphatidylinositol kinase inhibitors, we discovered novel inhibitors, echiguanines A and B, from the culture broth of a Streptomyces strain MI698-50F1 (FERMP-11563). The structures of echiguanines A and B were revealed to be N-(2-amidinoethyl)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-7H-pyrrolo[2,3- d]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide and N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine- 5-carboxamide, respectively, by nmr spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Echiguanines A and B inhibited phosphatidylinositol kinase of the A431 cell membrane with IC50's of 0.04 microgram/ml and 0.11 micrograms/ml, respectively. Echiguanine A is the most potent inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol kinase so far discovered.

1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Iatrogenic monoamniotic twin gestation with progressive twin-twin transfusion syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Intentional puncture of the membrane has been reported to be a promising new method for the management of twin-twin transfusion syndrome. CASE REPORT: Treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome with serial amniocenteses resulted in unintentional puncture of the dividing membrane at 24 weeks of gestation. Fetal growth discordance increased, and twin-twin transfusion did not improve following the puncture. Intrauterine death of both fetuses at 27 weeks of gestation occurred. CONCLUSION: Amniotic septostomy for the treatment of twin-twin transfusion syndrome should be performed with serious consideration.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of fetal endotoxin administration on plasma prostaglandin f(2alpha) and cortisol levels in late-gestation fetal goats.

OBJECTIVE: Fetal plasma prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGF(2alpha)) and cortisol responses to fetal endotoxin administration were evaluated in late-gestation goats (n = 9). METHODS: After endotoxin (Escherichia coli, O111:B4 lipopolysaccharide) administration, fetal plasma PGF(2alpha) and cortisol levels, fetal blood gases and pH were measured periodically. RESULTS: After endotoxin administration, fetal plasma cortisol levels increased to 9.8 +/- 1.4 and 9.4 +/- 1. 2 ng/ml after 1 and 3 h, respectively (p < 0.05) and PGF(2alpha) levels did not change throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that absent PGF(2alpha) and attenuated cortisol responses to fetal endotoxin administration, relative to the adult, may be a self-protective mechanism which diminishes the likelihood of premature delivery.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Amniotic band syndrome in triplet pregnancy.

We present a case of amniotic band syndrome leading to encephalocele in one triplet. In this case, discordance in fetal growth was observed at 9 weeks' gestation, and the amniotic membrane was not recognized in the sac of the smallest fetus. Thus, significant first-trimester growth discordance in multifetal pregnancies suggests congenital anomalies, and examinations considering amniotic band syndrome should be performed. Absence of the amniotic membrane in the gestational sac may be a useful marker of amniotic band syndrome.

Adult↗