PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Scaglione

Publications and source records attributed to R Scaglione.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Antihypertensive efficacy and effects of nitrendipine on cardiac and renal hemodynamics in mild to moderate hypertensive patients: randomized controlled trial versus hydrochlorothiazide.

In this study antihypertensive efficacy, safety, and the effects of short-term nitrendipine administration on central and renal hemodynamics were evaluated in mild to moderate hypertensives. Our final goal was to ascertain whether the reduction in blood pressure induced by nitrendipine treatment was associated with maintained renal function. After a run-in period with placebo, 26 hypertensives without cardiac or renal disease were randomly assigned to a double-blind 8-week controlled trial with nitrendipine (N) 20 mg once a day (13 pts) or hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 25 mg once a day (13 pts). Renal hemodynamic measurements included effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by radionuclide study using I-131 hippuran and Tc-99m, according to the methods described by Schlegel and Gates, respectively. Effective renal blood flow [ERBF = ERPF/(1-Ht)], filtration fraction (FF = GFR/ERPF), and renal vascular resistance (RVR = MBP x 80/ERBF) were also calculated. Other hemodynamic measurements included cardiac index (CI), left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) measured by the first-pass radionuclide angiography technique. At the end of N or HCT administration significant decreases (p less than 0.001) in SBP, DBP, and MBP vs. baseline values were observed in both hypertensive groups. In the N group a significant decrease (p less than 0.01) in TPR and RVR, and significant increases (p less than 0.05) in CI, ERPF, and ERBF were observed. In the HCT group a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in RVR was found without significant changes in other hemodynamic parameters. No important side effects were observed with either therapy. In conclusion, nitrendipine was effective in reducting blood pressure in mild to moderate hypertensive patients and exerted favorable effects on cardiac and renal function.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Left ventricular function response to exercise in normotensive obese subjects: influence of degree and duration of obesity.

This study has been designed to evaluate whether duration and severity of obesity can influence left ventricular function response to exercise in obese subjects without other known cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes or hyperlipoproteinemia. A total of 29 obese subjects were included and they were divided, according to their body mass index and to Garrow's criteria as follows: Overweight or mildly obese subjects: body mass index from 25 to 30 kg/m2; moderately obese subjects: body mass index > 30 and < 40 kg/m2. Both obese groups were further subdivided according to their duration of obesity evaluated by accurate anamnesis in subgroup A (duration of obesity less than 120 months) and subgroup B (duration of obesity more than 120 months). Left ventricular ejection fraction was detected by blood pool gated radionuclide angiocardiography both at rest and after symptom-limited bicycle ergometer procedure. At peak exercise left ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly (p < 0.05) only in overweight subjects. Exercise produced an increase of left ventricular ejection fraction in 14 overweight and in 5 moderately obese subjects and a decrease in 2 moderately obese subjects. At peak exercise mean heart rate and mean blood pressure increased significantly (p < 0.001) in both groups. When obese subjects were subgrouped according to duration of obesity, left ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly (p < 0.05) only in overweight subjects with duration of obesity less than 120 months. Duration of obesity correlated inversely with percent change in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) at peak exercise (delta EF) (r = -0.59; p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Left ventricular diastolic and systolic function in normotensive obese subjects: influence of degree and duration of obesity.

The present study was carried out to evaluate systolic and diastolic parameters in overweight and moderately obese, but otherwise healthy subjects, and in a lean control group, to determine whether degree and duration of obesity can influence left ventricular function. A total of 27 subjects, 17 overweight or with moderate obesity and 10 lean, healthy subjects were included. Patients were divided into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI) and to Garrow's criteria as follows: lean control group (BMI less than 25 kg.m-2); overweight subjects (BMI from 25 to 30 kg.m-2); moderately obese subjects (BMI greater than 30 less than 40 kg.m-2). Systolic and diastolic parameters were measured using blood pool gated radionuclide angiography. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), peak ejection rate (PER), time to PER (tPER), peak filling rate (PFR) and time to PFR (tPFR) were evaluated. PER and PFR values were normalized for end-diastolic volume (EDV). EF and PFR were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) both in moderately obese and in overweight subjects and tPFR was significantly (P less than 0.05) prolonged in both groups in comparison to lean controls. Only in moderately obese subjects was PER significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased and tPER significantly (P less than 0.05) prolonged in comparison to lean controls. As compared to overweight individuals, moderately obese subjects were characterized by a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in LVEF and PER and by a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in tPER, without relevant change in PFR and in tPFR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1992

Rapid left ventricular filling in untreated hypertensive subjects with or without left ventricular hypertrophy.

In this study, independent contribution of age, HR, BMI, casual and ambulatory blood pressure, LVM and LVEF in evaluating diastolic filling have been investigated in 34 never-treated hypertensive patients and in 15 healthy normotensive subjects. All the subjects were free from coronary artery disease, valvular disease, heart failure, renal disease and psychiatric problems. All the hypertensive subjects (never treated) were subgrouped according to presence or absence of LVH. The PFR decreased significantly and tPFR increased significantly in hypertensive patients in comparison with normotensive subjects and they did not change in the presence vs absence of LVH. The PFR was inversely correlated with BMI, age, 24-h mean SBP and with 24-h DBP. In multiple regression analysis, PFR decreased with BMI, age, 24-h mean SBP and DBP but not with LVMI. These results suggest that BMI, age and 24-h mean blood pressure were the major determinants of PFR abnormalities in hypertensive patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Therapeutic management of elderly hypertensives with concomitant ischaemic heart disease.

UNLABELLED: CHARACTERISTICS OF ELDERLY HYPERTENSIVES: Hypertension is most prevalent in older patients and is associated with increasing morbidity and mortality with age. Elderly hypertensives often suffer from concomitant diseases, such as ischaemic heart disease, caused by age-induced modifications to the cardiovascular system, haemodynamic function and neurohormone activity. THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT: Therapeutic management of elderly hypertensives with concomitant ischaemic heart disease must take account of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic changes that occur in older subjects and drugs should be selected for their efficacy in both diseases. Since elderly subjects often metabolize drugs more slowly, this population is particularly susceptible to drug-drug interactions and pharmacologically induced side effects. CHOICE OF DRUGS: The present review outlines the usefulness of diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium channel blockers in elderly hypertensives with ischaemic heart disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Effect of heroin and morphine on cardiac performance in isolated and perfused rabbit heart: evaluation of cardiac haemodynamics, myocardial enzyme activity and ultrastructure features.

In the present study the effects of heroin and morphine administration on cardiac function, myocardial enzyme activity and cardiac ultrastructure features have been evaluated in isolated and perfused rabbit hearts. In 24 male rabbits the hearts were excised and immediately perfused in a retrograde non recirculating Langendorff apparatus. Successively, heroin 1 x 10(-5) or 1 x 10(-4) M or morphine at 1 x 10(-4) M were individually administered in 18 rabbits for 45 min. In 6 rabbits, used as controls, the isolated hearts were perfused with perfusion fluid for the same time. At the end of perfusion period the hearts were removed and histology was studied. During the perfusion period, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, heart rate (HR), derivative of intraventricular pressure time ratio (dP/dt) and changes in systolic ventricular pressure (SVP), diastolic ventricular pressure (DVP) and in coronary blood flow (CBF) were also evaluated. At the end of perfusion period no significant changes in CPK, LDH, HR, dP/dt ratio, SVP, DVP and CBF in comparison with basal values were observed in all groups. Histological specimen were characterized by slight derangements in atrial and ventricular structure both after heroin and after morphine administration. In conclusion our data suggest that alterations following opioids administration might rather be related to a systemic action involving only indirectly the heart.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effect of obesity on left ventricular function studied by radionuclide angiocardiography.

Several studies have shown a significant association of obesity with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The present study was carried out to investigate central and systemic haemodynamics in overweight and moderate obese, but otherwise healthy subjects, and in a lean control group to determine whether obesity can influence left ventricular performance per se. In this study an attempt has been made to eliminate misleading factors, such as diabetes, lipid abnormalities and hypertension. A total of 67 subjects, 44 with overweight or moderate obesity and 23 lean healthy subjects, were included. Patients were divided into three groups according to BMI levels and Garrow's criteria as follows: lean control group (BMI less than 25 kg/m2); overweight (BMI from 25 to 30 kg/m2); moderate obese (BMI greater than 30 less than 40 kg/m2). Overweight and moderate obese subjects were further subgrouped according to duration of obesity (DO) in subgroup A (DO less than 98 months) and in subgroup B (DO greater than 98 months). Haemodynamic assessment was performed using first pass radionuclide angiocardiography. When compared with lean subjects, overweight and moderate obese subjects were characterized by a significant increase in cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), total blood volume (TBV) and total plasma volume (TPV) and by a significant decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (EF); some of these changes appeared to be related to the degree of obesity. In overweight and moderate obese subjects, total peripheral resistance (TPR) was lower than in lean controls, but this difference was not significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Hypertension in obese subjects: distinct hypertensive subgroup.

Obesity and hypertension are two closely associated conditions and obesity probably predisposes to hypertension. In this investigation we evaluated central, systemic haemodynamic and intravascular volume characteristics of 51 established hypertensive obese subjects subgrouped for degree of obesity. Subgrouping according to body mass index (BMI) was as follows: lean hypertensives, 17 subjects (BMI 23.00 +/- 0.45 Kg/m2); moderately obese, 19 subjects (BMI 26.92 +/- 0.30 Kg/m2); severely obese, 15 subjects (BMI 32.78 +/- 0.45 Kg/m2). Obese hypertensives were characterised by significantly increased cardiac output and total plasma volume (P less than 0.05) and by decreased total peripheral resistance (not significantly) and left ventricular ejection fraction (P less than 0.01). These changes appear to be related to the degree of obesity. Significant correlation coefficients between body mass index and cardiac output, total blood volume, total peripheral resistance and ejection fraction were also observed. In conclusion, established hypertension in the severely obese patient appears to be a separate haemodynamic entity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Inflammatory acne resistant to conventional therapy. Efficacy and tolerability of isotretinoin].

The effectiveness and tolerance of isotretinoin have been assessed in 72 cases (34 male and 38 female) suffering from papulo-pustular acne with nodulo-cystic component recalcitrant to traditional treatments. The drug confirmed its noteworthy effectiveness and speed of action in all cases. Stress is laid in particular on the lack of recurrence even after a very long-term follow-up. Tolerance was also very good with a prevalent incidence of mucocutaneous signs (desquamation, cheilitis, dermatitis) and the consequent acceptability of treatment on the part of patients.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical and hemodynamic effects of medium-term ketanserin treatment in 2 compared groups of obese and non-obese hypertensive patients].

We evaluated systemic and central hemodynamics in 10 lean hypertensives and in 10 obese hypertensives (WHO stage I-II) after 8 weeks treatment regimen with a serotoninergic antagonist such as ketanserin. At the beginning and at the end of the study, body weight, BMI, blood pressure and heart rate were measured and a first pass radionuclide angiocardiography was performed to determine cardiac output, cardiac index and ejection fraction of left ventricle. Total peripheral resistances were also calculated. In both hypertensive groups ketanserin significantly reduced diastolic (p less than 0.05) and mean (p less than 0.005) blood pressure. No significant change in systolic blood pressure, cardiac output, cardiac index and ejection fraction of left ventricle has been observed in lean and obese hypertensives. Total peripheral resistance values significantly (p less than 0.05) decreased in lean hypertensives; in obese hypertensives total peripheral resistance moderately reduced. Our results indicated that monotherapy with ketanserin is effective in treating mild to moderate hypertension both in lean and in obese hypertensives and did not interfere with left ventricular performance. At last the effectiveness of ketanserin treatment appears moderately higher in lean than in obese hypertensives.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Platelet function in hypo- and hyperthyroidism.

Alterations in cardiovascular hemodynamics are found in patients with hypofunction of the thyroid. Frank hypothyroidism favours the development of coronary heart disease. Platelets are thought to be important in atherosclerotic lesions initiation and progression. We studied platelet sensitivity to several agonists and to a physiological antagonist, prostacyclin, and thromboxane production in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. No statistically significant differences were found between platelets activities in patients and control subjects. We conclude that increased platelet function is not a direct indicator of susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypothyroidism whereas the hyperdynamic state, cardinal manifestation of thyrotoxicosis, is not associated with platelet activation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Clinical and hemodynamic effects of medium-term treatment with muzolimine in subjects with essential arterial hypertension].

The antihypertensive effects and haemodynamic changes after administration of 30 mg/die of muzolimine for 30 days in a group of patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension have been evaluated. Our findings showed a significant reduction of body weight, arterial blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, plasma volume and small but significant increase of left ventricular ejection fraction. No relevant side effect have been observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Unusual case of pericecal internal hernia of the retrocecal fossa].

Prompted by actual observation of one case, the authors call attention to this rare form of pericecal hernia. After a brief recall of pertinent anatomical features, they emphasize the rarity of this of hernia and the difficulty of diagnosing it preoperatively on the basis of clinical semiotics and radiological findings. In the last part of their paper the authors review the possible complications of this disorders and discuss therapeutic methods for its correction.

Aged↗