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Biomedical subjects

R Schüppel

Publications and source records attributed to R Schüppel.

33 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

4,4'-Dihydroxyphenazone as an urinary metabolite of phenazone in different species including man.

4,4'-Dihydroxyphenazone (4-hydroxy-1-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethyl-3-pyrazoline-5-one) was isolated as a metabolite of phenazone (antipyrine) after acid hydrolysis of rat urine. This was characterized and identified by NMR, MS, IR, UV, Fp and epsilon270. After dosage with phenazone, 4,4'-dihydroxyphenazone is excreted in conjugated form by man, rabbit, guinea pig and rat. In the rat it is further shown, that conjugates of 4,4'-dihydroxyphenazone are formed by glucuronidation as well as by sulfatation. The metabolite seems to add substantially to the overall metabolic pattern of phenazone in these species.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Changes in drug elimination under the influence of perazine therapy (author's transl)].

In 8 male patients who were treated with perazine for a schizophrenic psychosis (200-800 mg/die), the elimination rate of phenazone was investigated. Simultaneously determinations of plasma levels of perazine and desmethylperazine were carried out. The average half-life of phenazone was 27.0 h in perazine-treated patients and 11.2 h in controls. Correspondingly, the clearance of phenazone decreased from 47.0 ml/min to 18.9 ml/min under perazine, both differences being highly significant. The amount of 4-OH-phenazone, the principal hydroxylated metabolite excreted in the urine, was 66 mg/24 h in the perazine group, and significantly different from the results obtained in the control group: 185 mg/24 h. In contrast the urinary excretion of the unchanged phenazone increased from 29 to 40 mg/24 h under perazine. The results are interpreted to demonstrate inhibition of drug hydroxylation in the liver by perazine treatment.

Antipsychotic Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The relative effectiveness of setting goals as a chance for dealing with complex decision processes in medicine].

Beyond specialist aspects, decision making in medicine must also take ethical and economic considerations into account. Decisions according to the rational principle are orientated towards premisses with goals as a crucial part of them. Upon close examination, medical as well as ethical and economic premisses turn out to be uncertain, offering room for interpretation and procedural considerations. Simple algorithms of problem solution fail in complex decision situations especially if contradictory goals have to be considered and if a high potential of conflict exists. In complex problems, therefore, it is suggested to employ a three-step programme that consists of limiting the conflict by making the goals more precise and of handling the conflict by balancing different goals as first measures. As third step one could image a solution of the conflict by means of an evolution of different goals basing on the very uncertainty or relativity of goals.

Conflict, Psychological↗