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Biomedical subjects

R Schiessel

Publications and source records attributed to R Schiessel.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1979

[Cimetidine for treatment of stress-induced ulcer haemorrhage (author's transl)].

After gastroscopic demonstration of a definite source of bleeding (gastric or duodenal erosions or ulcers) 56 stress patients were treated with 1,200 mg cimetidine intravenously per day (constant infusion or 200 mg intravenously 4-hourly) in an open prospective study. Not considering 2 false indications because of arterial arrosion 46 patients were treated successfully with cimetidine. Bleeding could not be arrested in 7 cases and 2 of these succumbed, one of them despite repeated operations. In one patient bleeding was arrested; however, operation was necessary in the end due to perforation. Cimetidine has proved to be of value in conservative treatment of stress induced ulcer haemorrhage and is used increasingly prophylactically.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Regional gastric mucosal blood flow in hypovolemic shock.

The effect of hypovolemia on the mucosal blood flow of the gastric corpus and antrum were tested with the microsphere method 30 and 60 min after induction of hemorrhagic shock in the rat. The results demonstrate a marked reduction after 30 and 60 min without any significant differences between the corpus and the antrum. This reduction is largely dependent on cardiac and circulatory function. It is concluded that the differences in energy metabolism, which have been implicated as explanation for the different susceptibility to develop stress lesions by Menguy and Masters, cannot be attributed tod different degrees of ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Healing of enterotomies with preexisting peritonitis. An experimental study in guinea pigs.

The question of whether the presence of peritonitis has any influence upon the process of healing and the load capacity of a standard enterotomy was studied in guinea pigs. Laparotomy was performed 4 h after induction of peritonitis by a standardized method. Fecal peritonitis could be confirmed clinically, histologically and bacteriogically in all cases. A standardized enterotomy was carried out. The animals were killed 3 or 5 days later, anastomoses inspected, and the intraluminal pressures for anastomotic rupture measured. Comparison with a control group showed: (1) there can be normal healing of an enterotomy even with coexisting peritonitis; (2) anastomotic breakdown takes place at the same pressure as in the control group (p less than 0.01), and (3) primary lethality is significantly higher in cases operated in the presence of peritonitis (33 vs. 20%).

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Pharmacological modification of regional blood flow in rat stomach mucosa].

The effect of three agents with antisecretory function on regional gastric mucosal blood flow was measured using the microspheres technique. Salbutamol caused a significant decrease in blood flow, while DMPGE2 caused a significant increase. After calcitonin no change was observed. This is contrary to the belief that inhibition of acid secretion is always associated with a decrease in gastric mucosal blood flow.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1979

[Regional gastric blood flow in hypovolemic shock in rats].

The effect of hypovolemia on the mucosal blood flow of gastric corpus and antrum were tested with the microspheres method 30 and 60 min after induction of shock in the rat. The results demonstrate a marked reduction after 30 min, with return to control values after 60 min, without any significant differences between corpus and antrum. It is concluded that the differences in energy metabolism between these two regions of gastric mucosa, cannot be attributed to different degrees of ischemia.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Exploration of pancreaticojejunal anastomosis by postoperative endoscopic pancreaticography (author's transl)].

Endoscopic pancreaticography (EP) was performed in 9 patients after pancreaticojejunal anastomosis had been established surgically; in 2 of these patients EP was not successful. The anastomosis could be demonstrated in 5 cases to be functioning 1-6 years after operation; in 3 cases the duct system was found to be dilatated, in 2 cases diameters were normal. EP and clinical symptoms correlated well in 4 of 5 cases.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[Whole gut irrigation for large bowel preparation (author's transl)].

In a controlled trial whole gut irrigation (w.g.i.) was compared with elemental diet for 4 days as large bowel preparation. Cleansing effect, caloric intake and preparation time were significantly better in the first group (w.g.i.). In addition w.g.i. was routinely used studying 42 patients in an open trial which showed also a reliable cleansing effect and good practicability. At present the experience refers to a total of 163 preparations by means of w.g.i. In a further study the efficacy of w.g.i. for removal of blood from the intestinal tract in patients with bleeding esophageal varices was investigated. In 8 out of 11 cases a complete removal of the blood masses was obtained, 3 of these patients showed an improvement of the preexisting coma-stage.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Whole-gut irrigation for large bowel preparation in colorectal surgery (author's transl)].

In a controlled trial with 32 patients, whole-gut irrigation (wgi) was compared with elemental diet as a method of large-bowel preparation. Cleansing effect, caloric intake (bad taste of diet), and preparation time were significantly better in the first group (wgi). Since 1976, 203 patients have undergone wgi. Investigations concerning the effect of addition of antibiotics to the irrigant revealed optimum reduction of fecal flora with neomycin--bacitracin--clindamycin.

Clindamycin↗
PubMed1978

Perforation of the oesophagus with an oblique--viewing endoscope in a patient with caustic stenosis.

A case of accidental oesophageal perforation during endoscopy in an elderly woman with acute alimentary obstruction of a caustic stenosis is presented. This demonstrates the risks in routine use of oblique-viewing endoscopes, especially in oesophageal exploration. The lesion was successfully treated by internal splinting with a Celestin tube. The indications for this kind of treatment arise in elderly patients with poor general condition in whom a preexisting stenosis guarantees the tight fitting of the tube.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

[Incidence of gastric mucosal changes in multiple injuries].

In a prospective study the frequency of gastric mucosal lesions was investigated in patients with polytrauma. 23 out of 24 patients had mucosal lesions of different degrees of severity. 5 had petechiae only, 9 developed erosions and 9 ulcers. 11 had symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding, 3 had to be operated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of calcitonin, somatostatin and cimetidine on stress ulcer in rats].

The prophylactic effect of calcitonin, somatostatin and cimetidine on stress ulcer formation in rats was investigated in two stress models: restraint + ketamin (4 h) and hypovolemia (4 h). The basis of the comparative study was a 70% inhibition of acid secretion for 4 h in pyloric ligated animals. This was achieved with 1000 microgram/kg somatostatin s.c., 10 microgram/kg calcitonin s.c., and 2 X 100 mumol/kg cimetidine s.c. In restraint stress and ketamin with calcitonin and cimetidine a significantly lower frequency of gastric lesions was found than with somatostatin. The most potent substance in hypovolemia was calcitonin, with a significant difference in the frequency of mucosal lesions to the groups with cimetidine and somatostatin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Permeability of the gastric mucosa for carcinogens in taurocholate-induced injury of the mucosa barrier].

The influence of taurocholate-induced damage of the gastric mucosal barrier on transmucosal movement of methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) was investigated on dogs with Heidenhain pouches. We also investigated whether or not MNNG influences the mucosal barrier. The results of 10 experiments revealed no effect of MNNG on the mucosal barrier, but a significant time-related decrease of intraluminal MNNG concentration in the presence of taurocholate.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of calcitonin on various stress ulcer models in the rat].

The preventive effect of calcitonin (10 microgram/kg subcutaneously) on stress ulcer was examined in 135 rats. Three stress models were used: (1) immobilization, (2) immobilization and ketamine, (3) hypovolemia. Significantly lowered lesion rates under calcitonin were found in immobilization stress and hypovolemia models (14%, resp. 16%), compared with controls (78%, resp. 56%). Reduction of the severe lesions of the mucous membrane was the only significantly different result in the combination of immobilization and ketamine.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[A clinical-radiological investigation concerning the accuracy of diatrizoate (Gastrografin) in the demonstration of anastomosis dehiscence and perforation of the gastro-intestinal tract (author's transl)].

A Gastrografin test is described for diagnosing perforations and dehiscence of anastomoses in the gastro-intestinal tract by carrying out a simple urine analysis. False positive and false negative results can be avoided by obtaining radiographs of urine samples under standard conditions. The accuracy of the method was checked in 97 patients by comparing the results of the urine analysis with radiographic examinations and with the clinical course. From this, it appears that the test is reliable, simple and capable of being used anywhere. The test is therefore recommended a) where there is a lack of radiographic facilities, b) for immobile patients, c) where there is clinical suspicion of a perforation or dehiscence of an anastomosis in the absence of radiographic findings and d) in individual cases where the radiographic changes are positive.

Abdomen, Acute↗