Biomedical subjects

R Schmukler

Publications and source records attributed to R Schmukler.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1992

A brief history of bioelectrodes.

The history of bioelectrodes is intimately associated with electrochemistry in general, through studies on electrode polarization. Electrode polarization was first recognized and studied in the early 1800s, and scientific studies in this area have continued since that time. Experimental and theoretical work on bioelectrodes, electrode polarization, and relevant electrochemistry of electrode phenomena, is traced from 1826 to Schwan's recent electrode work.

Electrochemistry↗

PubMed1992

Biocompatibility considerations at stimulating electrode interfaces.

The choice of biocompatible stimulating electrodes for various biomedical applications varies with the type of electrode-tissue interface, biomolecules present, electrolyte background, preparation of electrode, interfacial potential, current density, electrode material, porosity, geometry, and inflammatory response. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the importance of these parameters. Topics discussed are: A) DC electrodes applied to partially keratinized epithelial membranes; B) Variation of the electrical impedance and biocompatibility of stimulating electrodes with electrode potential and surrounding pH; C) Influence of electrode geometry, porosity and pore size on biocompatibility; D) Body defense mechanisms at the sites of implantable stimulating electrodes; E) Thrombus formation at stimulating electrode interfaces and F) Sterilization of electrodes to ensure biocompatibility.

Animals↗

PubMed1976

Effects of anticoagulants on packed cell volume measurement.

A comparison was made of different types of anticoagulants on packed cell volume determinations of canine, feline, rabbit, and human blood. It was found that the use of excessive amounts of anticoagulant alters the packed cell volume when measured by the standard centrifuge method. It was also found that the results vary significantly when different anticoagulants are used. The effects are not seen when the packed cell volume is indirectly measured using an electronic cell counter. A balanced combination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid salts ameliorates the concentration-dependent effects.

Animals↗