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Biomedical subjects

R Schuler

Publications and source records attributed to R Schuler.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Demographic and health characteristics of heavy marijuana smokers in Los Angeles County.

The demographic, life-style, and self-reported health characteristics of a convenience sample of 207 male and 70 female, non-Hispanic White, heavy marijuana users in Los Angeles County were compared with those of more representative county and national samples. Consistent with other researchers' findings, heavy marijuana users were found to differ significantly in living arrangements, job stability, and income. Heavy marijuana users did not differ in completed education, self-reported physical health, or use of alcohol and cigarettes. Heavy marijuana users were less likely to be married than nonusers, but reported the same number of close friends with whom they interacted more frequently than same-aged comparison groups. Our findings suggest that heavy marijuana users are not homogeneous, and that female users differ significantly from male users.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Anticonvulsant and antipunishment effects of toluene.

Toluene can have striking acute behavioral effects and is subject to abuse by inhalation. To determine if its actions resemble those of drugs used in the treatment of anxiety ("anxiolytics"), two sets of experiments were undertaken. Inasmuch as prevention of pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions is an identifying property of this class of agents, we first demonstrated that pretreatment with injections of toluene delayed the onset of convulsive signs and prevented the tonic extension phase of the convulsant activity in a dose-related manner. Injections of another alkyl benzene, m-xylene, were of comparable potency to toluene. Inhalation of toluene delayed the time to death after pentylenetetrazol injection in a manner related to the duration and concentration of exposure; at lower convulsant doses, inhalation of moderate concentrations (EC50, 1311 ppm) prevented death. Treatment with a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist (Ro 15-1788) failed to reduce the anticonvulsant activity of inhaled toluene. Anxiolytics also attenuate the reduction in response rate produced by punishment with electric shock. Toluene increased rates of responding suppressed by punishment when responding was maintained under a multiple fixed-interval fixed-interval punishment schedule of reinforcement. Distinct antipunishment effects were observed after 2 hr of exposure to 1780 and 3000 ppm of toluene; the rate-increasing effects of toluene were related to concentration and to time after the termination of exposure. Thus, toluene and m-xylene resemble in several respects clinically useful drugs such as the benzodiazepines.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The mandibular dental arch: part III. Buccal expansion.

The tendency toward relapse in intercuspid width has been examined with those cases having final intercuspid width less than 27 mm showing significantly less relapse than those cases with final intercuspid width of 28 mm or more. The point of contact between the cuspid and first premolar has been introduced as a key point on the arch, determining arch width. An individualized norm has been derived for this measurement as a function of the patient's tooth size, facial pattern, and other variables based upon stable normal occlusions in treated cases. Those cases expanded to a dimension exceeding the norm by more than 1 mm showed a greater propensity toward relapse. The group following the norm was significantly more stable than the over- and underexpansion groups at the .025 significance level. An individual norm for intermolar width based upon the patient's facial pattern (using frontal and lateral X-rays) has been established. Cases showing relapse showed considerably less space between the lower molar and the JAG plane, and greater lower face height than stable cases. The results show that the space available for the permanent dentition can be estimated in advance of treatment based on the patient's own skeletal measurements, thus minimizing unnecessary extractions, relapse, and extended treatment time due to errors in diagnosis.

Adolescent↗