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Biomedical subjects

R Shane

Publications and source records attributed to R Shane.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

Clinical career ladders: application to hospital pharmacy practice.

The reasons for job dissatisfaction among hospital pharmacists are reviewed, and an option for ameliorating the problem by offering clinical career ladders is advanced. Not enough new pharmacists are being trained to replace those leaving the profession, and hospital pharmacy managers seeking to recruit and retain quality pharmacists are facing stiff competition from retail outlets, academia, and the pharmaceutical industry. Hospital staff pharmacists report less of a sense of accomplishment than other workers and are more likely to change jobs. Although inadequate pay and benefits are frequently cited, one investigator found that the greatest source of dissatisfaction was the lack of opportunity for advancement. Other professions facing similar problems have experimented with a system of parallel career ladders in which alternatives to the traditional managerial advancement track are offered. Staff nurses on a clinical ladder remain in a direct patient-care role while ascending a hierarchy of clinical practice levels; each level brings greater responsibility and rewards. Outcomes have included improved recruitment, decreased turnover, and increased interest in educational programs. In pharmacy, each level of a clinical career ladder would be defined by explicit criteria for knowledge and skill in patient care and drug therapy. As in nursing, such a ladder would create advancement opportunities and reward the acquisition of knowledge and skills. Several hospital pharmacy departments now offer clinical career ladders. Implementation of clinical career ladders has the potential to enhance the job satisfaction of hospital pharmacists and improve their recruitment and retention.

Career Mobility↗
PubMed1979

Cultural factors and attrition in drug abuse treatment.

The present study examined how race related to attrition in drug abuse treatment. 165 male voluntary admissions to an inpatient Substance Abuse Unit were tested at admission on functioning, motivation, attitudes, symptoms, and mood-using reliable and valid scales. One week later they completed a 12-factor scale measuring perception of the treatment milieu. Data were analyzed in a 2 x 2 factorial design of analysis of variance. There were 106 White subjects and 59 Blacks. The dropout rate for Blacks and Whites was 63%. Two factors measured at intake, motivation and social functioning, showed statistically significant interactions between race and attrition. Four ward perception factors showed a differential effect related to race and attrition. The White dropout and completer did not differ in how they perceived the ward. Blacks, however, who perceived the environment as being more insightful, spontaneous, autonomous, and practical remained. Although Blacks and Whites differed on many variables, only six showed race-related differences in attrition. Having higher motivation and poorer adjustment influenced Whites to stay. Factors in the environment, however, influenced Blacks. What might be considered a more "therapeutic" milieu was effective in helping Blacks remain in treatment. Knowledge of these cultural differences could help in designing treatment programs.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1977

The pregnant couple.

Although the husband's reactions to and feelings about his wife's pregnancy are frequently overlooked, his wife is always concerned about his perception of her. She often feels unattractive and is most interested in how satisfied her husband is with her pregnant body. The present study attempts to determine whether the husband or wife viewed the wife's body more positively, whether the husbands and wives could accurately predict each other's satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the pregnant body, and whether husbands' and wives' attitudes about important perinatal issues differed significantly. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance, comparing the husbands' and wives' satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the pregnant body. The body cathexis scale was used to measure such satisfaction and Osgood's semantic differential measured attitudes toward "pregnancy", "spouse", "unborn baby", and "labor and delivery". Findings show that husbands were more satisfied with their wives' pregnant bodies than the wives themselves were. The wives were not able to predict their husbands' levels of satisfaction, although the men accurately predicted their wives' responses. Husbands also tended to hold more positive attitudes toward perinatal issues.

Adaptation, Psychological↗