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Biomedical subjects

R Shanks

Publications and source records attributed to R Shanks.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Aerosolization of imipenem/cilastatin prevents pseudomonas-induced acute lung injury.

Aerosolization of imipenem/cilastatin was compared with continuous intravenous infusions of the antibiotic for pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis. The concentrations of imipenim/cilastatin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BAL) obtained from rats exposed to the aerosolized antibiotic were significantly greater than the concentrations in BAL in the rats that had received intravenous infusions of imipenem/cilastatin. The two methods of antibiotic delivery were compared for their effects on bacterial-induced lung injury in rats that had Pseudomonas aeruginosa instilled into their airspaces. The aerosolization of antibiotic was associated with significantly decreased bacterial-induced lung injury. The high concentrations of antibiotic in the airspaces secondary to aerosolization appears to kill bacteria more quickly and preserve lung epithelial and endothelial integrity better than systemic delivery of the same antibiotic.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1983

Effects of prostaglandins on the bovine corpus luteum: granules, lipid inclusions and progesterone secretion.

Corpora lutea collected at 15, 30 and 60 min after prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) treatment were compared to control corpora lutea at 60 min after saline treatment. There were decreases (P less than 0.05) in the relative percentages of cytoplasm occupied by granules in large luteal cells (LLC) by 30 min and in small luteal cells (SLC) by 60 min. Differences were not observed among the groups for lipid inclusions. Luteal progesterone was decreased at all post-PGF2 alpha treatment times when compared to 60-min controls (P less than 0.05). PGF2 alpha was then compared with prostaglandin F1 alpha (PGF1 alpha), prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), and 17-phenyl-18,19,20-trinor-prostaglandin F2 alpha (17-phenyl-PGF2 alpha) in 60-min trials with plasma progesterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) determined every 5 min. LH was not affected by these treatments. Like PGF2 alpha, 17-phenyl-PGF2 alpha induced a greater loss of granules from LLC then SLC. 17-phenyl-PGF2 alpha also induced an increase in the lipid content of LLC. Treatments with PGF2 alpha and 17-phenyl-PGF2 alpha were associated with decreased concentrations of luteal progesterone but PGF1 alpha and PGE1 were without effect on this variable. In contrast to PGF1 alpha, PGE1 increased both luteal progesterone and the area occupied by cytoplasmic granules. The latter effect was greater in LLC than SLC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alprostadil↗
PubMed1982

Factors affecting milk yield and reproductive performance.

Dairy Herd Improvement testing records of 201 dairy herds of sizes from under 100 to over 1000 cows and herd average milk yields from under 5,000 to over 10,000 kg were studied. Average days to first postpartum breeding tended to be less in herds of over 500 cows. Herds of 300 to 600 cows had highest production per cow. Herds with higher average yields averaged shorter intervals to first postpartum breeding and fewer days open. Days open included farrow cows arbitrarily assigned 305 days open. Number of breedings changed little as herd yield increased, but days open for highest producing herds averaged one estrous period shorter than for low producing herds, suggesting better detection of estrus. For the individual cow, high yield or associated factors have a small but real antagonistic association with reproductive efficiency. Days to first breeding, to last breeding, and days open increased .27, .80, and .61, and number of breedings increased .014 for each 100 kg increase in 180-day yield of fat-corrected milk. The record averages of high-producing herds indicate this antagonism may be overshawdowed by good management; effective estrus detection probably is a major factor.

Animal Husbandry↗