Hemangioblastoma of the L-5 nerve root. Case illustration.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Female↗
Biomedical subjects
R Shiba
Publications and source records attributed to R Shiba.
Children with Legg-Perthes diseases.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Activated Protein C Resistance↗
Hydrogen peroxide-induced cellular injury is associated with increase in endogenous fluorescence from rat gastric mucosal epithelial cell culture: A new method for detecting oxidative cellular injury by fluorescence measurement.
To develop a new method of detecting cellular injury caused by oxygen radicals, we studied endogenous fluorescence from the cultured cells of a rat gastric mucosal epithelial cell line. Measurement with an ultra-high sensitivity camera-image processor system under an inverted epifluorescence microscope showed that the fluorescence intensity of the cells increased time- and dose-dependently after the addition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an oxygen radical precursor, to the medium. This increase was inhibited by the presence of catalase. Phase-contrast and fluorescence microscopy revealed that the fluorescence was emitted from granular substances in the cytoplasm of the injured cells. The spectral pattern of excitation and emission indicated that the fluorescent substances were flavins. In cell-free experiments, glutathione reductase which has flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) at the active site, increased in fluorescence after incubation with H2O2 in the presence of reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase. These findings indicate that FAD in the cytoplasm of cells injured by H2O2 increased in endogenous fluorescence according to the extent of injury, and suggest that fluorescence measurement may be a simple method in cellular toxicology to detect oxygen radical-induced injuries.
Animals↗
A cephalometric study by multivariate analysis of growth of the bony nasopharynx in patients with clefts and non-cleft controls.
To clarify the characteristics of growth of the nasopharynx, comparison of the cephalometric growth of bones surrounding nasopharynx between 61 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP group) and 82 non-cleft controls (NCC group) was carried out. All of the subjects were divided into four developmental stages (i.e. stage 1 at 4 years of age, stage 2 at 8 years of age, stage 3 at 12 years of age and stage 4 at 17 years of age). Measurements on the antero-posterior and the vertical dimensions were derived from a coordinate system and points on bones surrounding the nasopharynx on lateral X-ray cephalograms, and results were analyzed by multivariate analysis and t-test. The results showed that (a) the posterior maxillary point (PMP) in the UCLP group was located more postero-superiorly than that in the NCC group, and this was the main factor that allows discrimination between the two groups and (b) the cranial base, posterior maxilla and the cervical vertebrae were found to be in independent in growth, however, the nasopharyngeal triangle connecting three points on these three bones (Ho: cranial base; PMP: posterior maxillary point; At: atlas) showed harmonious growth in both the UCLP and NCC groups.
Adolescent↗
High rate of induction of human autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes against renal carcinoma cells cultured with an interleukin cocktail.
A high rate of induction (9 of 10 cases) of human autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was achieved in vitro from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of renal carcinoma patients by applying an interleukin (IL)-cocktail consisting of IL-1, -2, -4, and -6. The CTL specifically lysed their own target carcinoma cells within 24 h but did not kill neighboring autologous normal kidney cells or allogeneic renal cancer cell lines. In the case of TUHR4TKB, for which autologous CTL were not induced, no expression of MHC class-I molecules was observed on the surface of these carcinoma cells, although they were sensitive to autologous natural killer cells. The results imply that adoptive immunotherapy for metastasized renal carcinoma will be feasible with autologous CTL in combination with natural killer cells.
Cell Survival↗
Differential expression of Fos protein after transection of the rat infraorbital nerve in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis.
To determine the effects of nerve injury on Fos expression, temporal and spatial distributions of Fos-positive neurons in the trigeminal nucleus caudalis were examined after tissue injury for isolation of the infraorbital nerve as controls and transection of this nerve as well as noxious chemical stimulation by formalin injection in adult rats. Fos immunoreactivity was markedly elevated in laminae I and II of the only ipsilateral nucleus caudalis 2 h after these surgical procedures and noxious chemical stimulation. The distributions of Fos-positive neurons were restricted rostro-caudally following formalin injection and tissue injury compared to transection of the infraorbital nerve. One day after tissue injury and nerve transection, however, Fos-positive neurons were distributed bilaterally in laminae III and IV extending rostro-caudally and medio-laterally in this nucleus, and this persisted over the 2-week study period. The number of Fos-positive neurons in the side ipsilateral to nerve transection was markedly less than that in the contralateral side whereas positive neurons in the tissue injured rats were distributed symmetrically along the rostro-caudal axis. There was no difference in the contralateral sides between nerve transection and tissue injury groups. The rostro-caudal level showing reduction in Fos expression corresponded roughly to the sites of central termination of the injured nerve in this nucleus, suggesting a role for the primary afferents in the reduction of Fos expression in laminae III and IV neurons of the ipsilateral nucleus caudalis.
Animals↗
Direct detection of hepatitis B virus gene integrated in the Alexander cell using fluorescence in situ polymerase chain reaction.
Prolonged infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is reported to cause hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via liver cirrhosis. However, it is still unknown whether the HCC is induced by the HBV DNA integration or by inflammatory stimulation during the phase of liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study is to determine the intracellular or intranuclear distribution of HBV DNA with a highly sensitive assay. Here we directly detected the integration of HBV DNA by fluorescence in situ polymerase chain reaction (FISPCR). Since FISPCR products directly incorporate rhodamine-4-dUTP, the nucleus of Alexander cells integrated with HBV gene reacted with the HBV primers emits obvious fluorescence. The fluorescence values which were measured with an imaging analyzer show a significant difference between Alexander cells as compared to the controls. In conclusion, the target sequences of HBV were specifically amplified as fluorescent DNA after the present FISPCR procedure. This method could provide a novel and simple strategy for determining the quantitative role of viral DNA integration in oncogenesis.
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular↗
Occipitoatlantal and occipitoaxial hypermobility in Down syndrome.
STUDY DESIGN: In this study, the authors evaluated upper cervical spine in 75 children and adolescents with Down syndrome on the basis of lateral flexion-extension radiographs. OBJECTIVE: To assess occipitoatlantal motion and occipitoaxial motion in children and adolescents with Down syndrome compared with age-matched control subjects. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although previous studies have described a high prevalence of occipitoatlantal hypermobility in Down syndrome, there have been no comparisons with age-matched control subjects. Only a few reports have mentioned the physiologic relation between the occiput and axis other than basilar impression. Moreover, there have been no reports examining anteroposterior mobility in abnormal conditions. METHODS: Seventy-five children and adolescents with Down syndrome and 30 age-matched control subjects were examined. Lateral radiographs of the upper cervical spine in flexion and extension were taken, and anteroposterior translation of the occiput in relation to the atlas and axis was measured. RESULTS: Anteroposterior occipitoatlantal hypermobility was found to be present in children and adolescents with Down syndrome even when compared with age-matched control subjects. Occipitoaxial hypermobility was observed only when atlantoaxial instability was present. CONCLUSION: In evaluating the upper cervical spine in Down syndrome, it is necessary to pay attention to the relation between the occiput, atlas, and axis.
Adolescent↗
A novel mutation substituting tryptophan with arginine in the carboxyl-terminal, non-collagenous domain of collagen X in a case of Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia.
A novel nucleotide change in the collagen X gene was identified in a Japanese family with Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (SMCD). The T to C change at nucleotide 1951 resulted in replacement of tryptophan by arginine at residue 651 (W651R). This missense mutation is considered to be responsible for SMCD because 1, the same mutation was not be identified in the collagen X gene from normal individuals; 2, the mutation segregated with the SMCD phenotype in the index family; 3, the substituted amino acid is highly conserved in type X collagens, and 4, the mutation causes a marked change in the hydrophobicity profile of the surrounding region in the NC1 domain. This novel mutation (W651) seems to have the same impact on bone development as W651X mutation.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Activin A stimulates mitogenesis in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts without activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases.
Activin A stimulated DNA synthesis and transient c-fos expression in quiescent Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. The activin A-induced DNA synthesis was dose-dependent with a half-maximal effect obtained at 0.3 nM. The maximal response obtained at 10 nM was comparable with that induced by 5 ng/ml basic fibroblast growth factor. Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts expressed abundant high affinity binding sites for 125I-labeled activin A with a Kd value of 0.63 nM and the number of binding sites at 24,000/cell. Northern blot analysis revealed that Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts express a high level of type II activin receptor mRNA. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of mitogenic action of activin A, we examined the effect of activin A on mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Unexpectedly, however, activin A did not induce kinase activation under conditions in which basic fibroblast growth factor and endothelin-1 at similar or even less potent mitogenic concentrations did. Furthermore, activin A did not induce phosphorylation of the Erk2 species of mitogen-activated protein kinase. These observations strongly suggest that the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase is not a necessary step for activin A-induced DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts.
3T3 Cells↗
Long-term serum/plasma-free culture of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes induced from peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Tumor-specific human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were induced by co-culturing peripheral blood mononuclear cells with X-ray-irradiated human lung squamous carcinoma cells, SQ-5, in the medium supplemented with interleukin(IL)-1, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-6, and 5% autologous plasma for 3 or 5 days. The CTL grew in serum/plasma-free medium containing these four interleukins and 0.5% bovine serum albumin for over a month and maintained killing activity of target cells within 48 h at an effector/target ratio of 1.25. Their growth was essentially dependent on the target SQ-5 cells, which were renewed every 5 days. Under these conditions, IL-4 and IL-6 could be omitted. When anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody was added to the serum/plasma-free medium supplemented with IL-1 and IL-2, the target tumor cells were not required to maintain the specific killing activity of the CTL. A large number of CTL (10(11)) were obtained in 35 days.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Cervical congenital kyphosis with atlantoaxial dislocation. A case report.
Congenital kyphosis and atlantoaxial dislocation in a 13-year-old boy was treated by a C1 laminectomy and C2-C5 laminoplasty with fusion from the occiput to C2. This resulted in postoperative neurologic deterioration, but a secondary anterior C3 vertebrectomy followed by a C2-C5 fusion helped restore neural function. In the presence of congenital cervical kyphosis, anterior rather than posterior decompression and fusion is recommended, particularly in the presence of a stenotic spinal canal.
Adolescent↗
Cloning and expression of rat preproendothelin-3 cDNA.
We report here the cloning and expression of a rat full-length cDNA encoding preproendothelin-3 (preproET-3). The predicted rat preproET-3 consisted of 167 amino acid residues. As in other ET-family peptides, the mature rat ET-3 was predicted to be produced through unusual processing from a 41-residue intermediate, the big ET-3 in rat. Transient transfection of COS-7 cells with the cloned preproET-3 cDNA resulted in the production of mature ET-3 and this production was inhibited by phosphoramidon, a metaloprotease inhibitor. This suggested that a phosphoramidon sensitive mechanism was involved in the production of ET-3 in the transfected COS-7 cells. Northern blot analysis showed that an approximately 3.0-kb rat preproET-3 mRNA was expressed in rat tissues, including the eye ball, submandibular gland, brain, kidney, jejunum, stomach and spleen. A 2.0-kb and a 3.3-kb mRNA were also detected in the eye ball and small intestine, respectively. The distinct distribution of rat preproET-3 mRNA from that of preproET-1 mRNA suggested that ET-1 and ET-3 played different roles.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Immediate reconstruction of the mandible in a patient with ossifying fibroma by replantation of the resected segment after freezing.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adult↗
Radioprotective effect of exogenous glutathione on rat parotid glands.
The prophylactic effect of glutathione (GSH) on radiation injury in rat parotid glands was investigated. GSH was administered to male Wistar rats i.p. 15 min prior to irradiation. The necrosis index (NI) of the glands was determined histologically 24 h after a single dose of 15, 30, or 60 Gy. Total amylase activity, total protein content and wet weight of the glands were measured 30, 60 and 90 days after irradiation. Administration of GSH prior to radiation minimized acute and chronic radiation injuries as a function of the GSH dose: i.e. reduction of NI and prevention of the decrease in total amylase activity, total protein content and gland weight. The intraglandular level of non-protein-bound thiols (NPSH) and GSH increased significantly after i.p. administration of GSH, whether or not the glands were irradiated. An autoradiographic study revealed that i.p.-administered 35S-GSH was actively taken up by the glandular parenchyma, especially in the acini and ducts. It was shown that elevation of the intraglandular level of NPSH after exogenous administration of GSH protected the parotid glands from radiation injury in the rat.
Animals↗
Characterization of the effect of endothelins in canine cerebral arteries.
In a few populations of endothelial cells of dog basilar arteries, endothelin (ET)-like immunoreactivity was detected to be present. ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3 caused vasoconstrictor responses but not vasodilator responses in isolated ring preparations of dog cerebral arteries in vitro. The ED50 values for the contractions were 411 pM, 478 pM, and 26.5 nM for ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3, respectively. NiCl2 (10(-3) M) attenuated the contractions induced by ET-3 (10(-8)-3 x 10(-7) M) and those to relatively low doses (10(-9) M) but not higher doses (10(-8)-10(-7) M) of ET-1 and ET-2. The contractions in response to ET-1, ET-2, and ET-3 were greatly attenuated in Ca(2+)-free solutions, although high concentrations of ET-1 and ET-2 still evoked contractions. These results suggest that the vasoconstriction induced by ET-3 and lower doses of ET-1 and ET-2 largely depends on the influx of Ca2+ ions. Furthermore, additional distinct mechanisms may contribute to the vasoconstrictor effects of high concentrations of ET-1 and ET-2. The presence of endothelin-like immunoreactivity in endothelial cells suggests that endothelin is a potential endogenous spasmogen.
Animals↗
Possible role of endothelin in the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm.
Since the discovery of endothelin-1 (ET-1), its involvement in cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been suspected. We performed various experiments, first to demonstrate the presence of ET in both patients and dogs with SAH, and second to examine the effects of ET synthesis inhibition in experimental vasospasm. Here we report that ET was present in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in SAH, but did not correlate with vasospasm. However, ET was locally expressed in the vascular endothelium in vasospasm. Several therapeutic approaches causing the inhibition of ET synthesis were effective in preventing the development of vasospasm. Such approaches utilized drugs that inhibited RNA and DNA synthesis. Among them, actinomycin D treatment was most effective. We also utilized phosphoramidon, a recently found conversion inhibitor of big ET to ET. However, this product failed to ameliorate the development of vasospasm. Therefore, although we cannot yet conclude that ET is the main cause of cerebral vasospasm, it may, at least, act as one of the modifying factors in cerebral vasospasm.
Animals↗
An experimental study on transpedicular screw fixation in relation to osteoporosis of the lumbar spine.
In order to elucidate the relationship between the severity of osteoporosis and the fixation strength of a pedicle screw, screw pull-out tests were performed using cadaveric lumbar vertebrae. The severity of osteoporosis was evaluated by the Jikei osteoporosis grading scale (Jikei method), bone mineral density, and microdensitometry. When a 7.0-mm screw was used, the pull-out force of the screw was 1,056.4 N in the normal group (as determined by the Jikei method), while it was 495.6 N in the Grade I osteoporosis and 269.5 N in the Grade II osteoporosis groups, respectively. There were also positive correlations between the pull-out force and bone mineral density and each parameter of the microdensitometry method. When bone cement was used in an osteoporotic vertebra, twofold stronger pull-out force was obtained in comparison to that obtained without bone cement.
Aged↗