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Biomedical subjects

R Smith

Publications and source records attributed to R Smith.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Autotransfusion of blood contaminated by intestinal contents.

In a series of 183 emergency operations in which intraoperative autotransfusion was used, 14 patients received blood contaminated by intestinal contents. Six of the 14 patients died early in the postoperative period, four of whom had received more than 16 liters of blood. Only two of the eight survivors had received comparable amounts of blood (13 and 17.5 liters). All eight received antibiotics upon admission; four had positive blood cultures within 24 hours of operation. Complications included acute tubular necrosis in three patients and bowel obstruction with intra-abdominal abscess in another. One of the patients with acute tubular necrosis died six weeks later; all others recovered. We believe this procedure may be life-saving in some cases.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗
PubMed1978

Features of children taken to juvenile court for failure to attend school.

The social reports on 84 children taken to court for failure to attend school were studied. Independent raters were able to assess reliably the presence and absence of a variety of variables concerned with the individual's behaviour, school, family, and involvement with social work agencies. In 68 instances teacher's questionnaires measuring psychiatric disturbance had been completed. There was no evidence that truancy in these circumstances is a homogenous condition. At least 3 independent sets of features appear to be involved in most cases. One involves antisocial and educational problems ('clinical truancy'), a second is concerned with adverse social factors and parental complicity ('school withdrawal'), and a third set includes a tendency to social isolation ('school refusal'). There was no evidence that individuals tend to exhibit one of these features to the exclusion of the others.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1978

Extraction and fingerprint analysis of simian virus 40 large and small T-antigens.

A study of simian virus 40 (SV40) T-antigens isolated from productively infected CV1 cells using a variety of different extraction procedures showed that under some conditions the highest molecular weight form of T-Ag (large-T) isolated comigrated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with large-T from SV40-transformed H65-90B cells. Other faster-migrating forms of large-T are probably generated during the extraction procedure by a protease which is active at low pH, and such forms are probably experimental artifacts. After extraction under conditions which minimize proteolytic degradation of large-T, a further form of T-antigen was isolated; this has an apparent molecular weight in the range 15,000 to 20,000 and is referred to as small-t. Fingerprint analysis of [35S]methionine-labeled SV40 proteins showed that small-t has 10 to 12 methionine peptides whereas large-T has 15 to 18 methionine peptides. All but two of the methionine tryptic peptides present in small-t are also present in large-T. The fingerprint data also showed that T-antigens have no peptides in common with SV40 VP1. Experiments using reagents which inhibit posttranslational cleavage of encephalomyocarditis virus polyproteins showed that these reagents do not affect the synthesis of small-t and suggest that it is not made by proteolytic cleavage of large-T in vivo. An alternative model, which proposes that large-T and small-t are synthesized independently, is discussed in terms of the fingerprint data and the number of methionine tryptic peptides predicted from the primary sequence of SV40 DNA.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1978

Malignant lymphomas. A cytological/histological classification.

Early diagnosis and differentiation of malignant lymphomas is important as the various types have a very different prognosis. Aspiration cytology is useful in the initial diagnosis, monitoring the change from one cell type to a more primitive cell type and for diagnosing spread of lymphoma.

Classification↗
PubMed1977

Non-covalent cross-linking of lipid bilayers by myelin basic protein: a possible role in myelin formation.

Myelin basic protein associates with bilayer vesicles of pure egg phosphatidylcholine, L-alpha-dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine and DL-alpha-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine. Under optimum conditions the vesicles contain 15-18% of protein by weight. The binding to dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine is facilitated above its gel-to-liquid crystalline transition temperature. At low ionic strength the protein provokes a large increase in vesicle size and aggregation of these enlarged vesicles. Above a sodium chloride concentration of 0.07 M vesicle fusion is far less marked but aggregation persists. The pH- and ionic strength-dependence of this aggregation follows that of the protein alone; in both cases it occurs despite appreciable electrostatic repulsion between the associated species. A similar interaction was observed with diacyl phosphatidylserine vesicles. These observations, which contrast with earlier reports in the literature of a lack of binding of basic protein to phosphatidylcholine-containing lipids, demonstrate the ability of this protein to interact non-ionically with lipid bilayers. The strong cross-linking of lipid bilayers suggests a role for basic protein in myelin, raising the possibility that the protein is instrumental in collapsing the oligodendrocyte cell membrane and thus initiating myelin formation.

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration↗
PubMed1977

Resuscitation from cardiopulmonary arrest during accidental hypothermia due to exhaustion and exposure.

A 16-year-old boy with accidental hypothermia and cardiopulmonary arrest due to exhaustion and exposure was resuscitated after warming measures -- hot wet towels, hot water bottles, and hot water enemas and gastric lavage -- had increased his rectal temperature from 25.2 to 28.0 degrees C. Despite prolonged cardiopulmonary arrest, recovery was almost complete, with no evident cerebral damage. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation procedures should not be abandoned until the body temperature is more than 30 degrees C, because the prognosis in cases of accidental hypothermia without associated disease is excellent if cardiac function can be re-established.

Adolescent↗