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Biomedical subjects

R Sobonya

Publications and source records attributed to R Sobonya.

8 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Aerosolized lipopolysaccharide increases pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-DTPA in rabbits.

Bacterial endotoxins alter the permeability of endothelium, but little is known of their effect on epithelium. We exposed specific pathogen-free rabbits to aerosolized Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS or saline and performed serial measurements of RL, Cdyn, BP, WBC count and differential, and platelet counts. Pulmonary 99mTc-DTPA half-life was measured 4, 6, or 8 h after exposure. The animals were sacrificed and BAL performed. Background and PMA-stimulated superoxide production was measured from individual AM using electrooptical determination of reduction of NBT. Lung tissue was processed for light microscopy and ratio of wet to dry weight. 99mTc-DTPA half-life was significantly shorter in LPS-exposed animals at 6 h (p < 0.05) and 8 h (p < 0.001). There were no differences in Cdyn, RL, BP, WBC, differential, platelet, or BAL cell count at any time between groups. No histologic changes or differences in lung wet to dry weight ratios were found. PMA-stimulated AM superoxide production was significantly increased (p < 0.01) in LPS-exposed animals. This effect was time dependent and could be duplicated in AM from control animals following a 4-h incubation with LPS, lavage fluid from LPS-exposed animals, or recombinant murine TNF. These results demonstrate that aerosolized Pseudomonas LPS increases pulmonary epithelial permeability and primes AM superoxide production.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1984

Histamine and slow reacting substance in acid-induced pneumonitis.

Acid pneumonitis was produced in 18 dogs by the tracheal instillation of 3 ml/kg 0.1 N hydrochloric acid. Arterial and mixed venous oxygen tension, static compliance and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure were measured during a 2-hour observation period. Plasma histamine (measured by the enzymatic isotopic assay) increased from 1.7 +/- 0.2 ng/ml (mean +/- SE) before acid injury to 13.5 +/- 1.9 ng/ml after injury (p less than 0.05). In one group of 7 control dogs, 3 ml/kg of normal saline produced no increase in plasma histamine. Pulmonary edema secretions from acid injured animals had a histamine level of 30.3 +/- 3.8 ng/ml and slow reacting substance was detected in 7 of 11 animals. The slow reacting substance was an antihistamine-resistant, ethanol extractable substance that contracted guinea pig ileum. Lung weight-body weight ratio PaO2, and static compliance were different with acid pneumonitis compared to controls. Total protein was not different in the tracheal secretions compared to plasma. We conclude that histamine and slow reacting substance are released in this animal model of acid pneumonitis and may be important in the pathogenesis of the lung injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Role of canine parainfluenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica in kennel cough.

The effect of Bordetella bronchiseptica upper airway colonization on the clinical, radiographic, serologic, pathologic, and pulmonary function changes caused by canine parainfluenza-2 virus (CPIV-2) infection was studied in 24 purebred Beagle pups (10.5 +/- 1.4 weeks old). Eight control dogs (group I) were not colonized or inoculated with CPIV-2. Of the 12 noncolonized dogs inoculated with CPIV-2 (group II), 9 developed antibody titers to CPIV-2 and 10 had clinical signs of infectious canine tracheobronchitis (kennel cough). Group I and group II dogs did not differ in radiographic findings or pulmonary function. Four group II dogs necropsied 1 to 5 days after clinical signs developed had laryngotracheobronchitis and bronchiolar inflammation not present at necropsy on 2 group I dogs. Four dogs had B bronchiseptica upper airway colonization and were inoculated with CPIV-2 (group III). All 4 group III dogs developed positive antibody titers, had clinical signs of kennel cough, and had radiographic changes. Pulmonary dynamic compliance was lower in group III than in group I or group II animals. Respiratory rate and tidal volume did not differ among the 3 groups. The 1 group III dog that was necropsied had changes similar to group II dogs with the addition of lobar bronchopneumonia. The present study indicates that asymptomatic B bronchiseptica colonization may effect the clinical, radiographic, and pulmonary function changes produced by CPIV-2 respiratory tract infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Parainfluenza type II infection in dogs. A model for viral lower respiratory tract infection in humans.

To determine if parainfluenza type II (P2) virus infections in dogs could be used as a model for viral airways disease in children, we studied pulmonary function and histopathology in 12 P2-infected and 8 control beagle dogs. Ten infected animals developed symptoms of cough and rhinitis within 9 days of virus exposure. Histologic changes in infected dogs included ciliated epithelial denudation and peribronchial and peribronchiolar lymphocytic infiltrates involving airways of all sizes; most notably, 19 to 57% of nonrespiratory airways less than 1 mm in diameter were affected. Two weeks after the onset of symptoms, infected dogs were asymptomatic, but they had lower functional residual capacities (p less than 0.05) and lower specific lung conductance (p less than 0.05) than control dogs. Additionally, dynamic compliance did not increase with lung growth in infected dogs as it did in control dogs. These results suggest that parainfluenza type II infections can be experimentally produced in dogs (without concomitant bacterial infection), that these viral infections are similar to human viral lower respiratory tract illnesses, and that such viral infections may alter lung development in rapidly growing dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Reye's syndrome in the adult: case report and review of the literature.

A 22-year-old male presented with a brief history of progressive encephalopathy. One week previously, he had developed an upper respiratory infection that resolved spontaneously and was followed by intractable vomiting. He had taken salicylates for several days during the viral syndrome. The diagnosis of Reye's syndrome was confirmed by hepatic histology. Aggressive conservative management was followed by complete metabolic and neurological recovery. There are fewer than 10 reported cases of Reye's syndrome in adults but this disease may be more common than is generally suspected. The diagnosis should be considered in patients presenting with emesis and obtundation, who have recently had a viral illness and exhibit elevated blood ammonia and transaminases with normal cerebrospinal fluid. Confirmation is achieved by liver biopsy. Therapy is directed toward aggressive reduction of increased intracranial pressure.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Fatal anhydrous ammonia inhalation.

The morphologic and morphometric pulmonary alterations in a patient with anhydrous ammonia inhalation dying two months after exposure are described. Major pathologic findings included cylindrical bronchiectasis of the lower lobes, fibrous obliteration of small airways, and terminal nocardial pneumonia. Normal density of small airways was found, but the average diameter (0.50 mm.) was significantly less than that of controls (0.66 +/- 0.02). Fibrous obliteration of small airways may be characteristic of a late stage of bronchiolitis obliterans and is probably responsible for the chronic obstructive lung disease in the survivors of an episode of ammonia inhalation.

Adult↗