In this study 19 donkeys suffering from face excoriations below the medial canthas and lesions in the lacrymal apparatus were subjected to clinical radiological and microbiological investigations. Also histopathological examination of biopsy materials from ocular lesions were made. Eleven out of 19 donkeys (57.9%) showed specific lesions in the lacrymal apparatus. Mycological examination revealed the isolation of Histoplasma cells from 10 out of 19 examined cases. The isolated Histoplasma culture, although not completely identical to H. farciminosum, was more related to this than to other Histoplasma species. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of marked tissue infiltration by lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages. Also the fungal organism appeared as double-contoured yeast cells lying within macrophages and giant cells.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of rh-GMCSF and rh-GCSF on oxygen free radical production by human neutrophils and blood monocyte-derived human macrophages.

The in vitro effect of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rh-GMCSF) and recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rh-GCSF) on oxygen free radical (OFR) generation by human neutrophils and blood monocytes derived human macrophages stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate was investigated and compared. The production of OFR by neutrophils and macrophages was time dependent, and the maximum release of OFR by neutrophils and macrophages was measured 90 and 180 min after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate, respectively. The priming effects or rh-GMCSF and rh-GCSF on OFR production by human neutrophils and macrophages was dose dependent. The maximum generation of OFR by neutrophils occurred when primed with 1,000 U/ml of rh-GMCSF and reached 2.383 +/- 0.191 nmol/10(5) neutrophils/90 min as compared with 1.072 +/- 0.113 nmol/10(5) neutrophils/90 min in the unprimed controls. This represents a 122.20% increase in OFR generation (p < 0.001). However, the percentage of maximum increase in OFR production was 57.84 when neutrophils were primed with a concentration of 5,000 U of rh-GCSF/ml. In 72-hour-old human macrophages, much higher levels of OFR production as compared with neutrophils were measured following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate. The maximum generation of OFR was measured in macrophages primed for 45 min with 500 U/ml of rh-GMCSF. These cells produced 8.960 +/- 2.075 nmol/5 x 10(4) macrophage/180 min as compared with 4.563 +/- 1.773 nmol/5 x 10(4) unprimed macrophages/180 min (p < 0.001). In macrophages primed with rh-GCSF, however, the maximum OFR production was induced by a dose of 5,000 U/ml and reached 6.902 +/- 1.463 nmol/5 x 10(4) macrophages/180 min as compared with 4.563 +/- 1.773 nmol/5 x 10(4) macrophages/180 min in the unprimed controls (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the priming effect of rh-GMCSF on OFR generation by human macrophages and neutrophils was more potent than that of rh-GCSF, both in the extent of augmentation and in the dose required to produce maximum OFR generation.

Free Radicals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel pyrazole, pyrazoline, pyrazolinone and pyrazolidinedione derivatives of benzimidazole.

Four novel series of pyrazolylbenzimidazole derivatives have been prepared, namely 2-[(1-substituted phenyl-3,5-dimethyl-4-pyrazolyl)methyl]benzimidazole 5a-d 2-[(1-substituted phenyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-4-pyrazolyl-4-yl)methyl]benzimidazoles 6a-d; 2-[(1-substituted phenyl-3,5-dioxopyrazolidin-4-yl)methyl]benzimidazoles 7a-d and 2-[(4-(1-phenyl-5-aryl-4,5-dihydro-3-pyrazolyl)phenylaminoacetyl]thio- methyl)-benzimidazoles 12a-e. The antimicrobial testing of the prepared compounds was performed using Escherichia Coli (NCTC 5933) as Gram-negative bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 4163) as gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans (NCTC 5310) as yeast like fungi. The most potent compound was the pyrazolone 6a which exhibits interesting antibacterial activity against the gram-negative bacteria E. coli.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Thioglycolic acid and pyrazole derivatives of 4(3H)-quinazolinone: synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation.

New derivatives of 4(3H)-quinazolinone were synthesized and evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. The derivatives are: 3-Aryl-2-[3-aryl-1-(carboxymethylthio)-3-oxopropyl)]-4(3H)-quinazolinones 2a-f; 3-Aryl-2-(3-aryl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4(3H)-quinazolinones 3a-f; 3-Aryl-2-(1,3-diaryl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4(3H)-quinazolinones 4a-f; 3-Aryl-2-(3-aryl-1-thiocarbamoyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-4(3H)-quinazolinones 5a-f; 3-Aryl-2-[3-aryl-1-(carboxymethylthio)-3-hydroxyiminopropyl)]-4(3H)- quinazolinones 6a-f; and 3-Aryl-2-[3-aryl-1-(carboxymethy- lthio)-3-thiocarbamoyliminopropyl)]-4(3H)-quinazolinones 7a-f. Some of the tested compounds showed activity comparable to that of the standard references used.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗