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Biomedical subjects

R Spitz

Publications and source records attributed to R Spitz.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

The home inventory of dangers and safety precautions-2: addressing critical needs for prescriptive assessment devices in child maltreatment and in healthcare.

OBJECTIVE: This paper describes the development and preliminary validation of a prescriptive home danger and safety precaution instrument containing 14 epidemiological categories to be used in the design and evaluation of family-tailored injury prevention and safety interventions. METHOD: The HIDSP-2 evolved from application and revision of the previous home danger and safety precaution recognition and observation instruments. As part of this process, the suitability of the HIDSP-2 for use in a broad-based trial was evaluated with 29 low income parents exhibiting individual learning needs. Inter-rater reliability and stability of scores were examined. Internal consistency was examined for total dangers and precautions and for those categories in which there were sufficient items to do so. RESULTS: Administrative time was reduced while continuing usefulness in the identification and remediation of dangers and implementation of precautions was demonstrated. Stability of observation was high. Alphas as a measure of internal consistency was satisfactory for total danger and precautions separately; however, those for most individual categories were low. There was significant reduction in the number of dangers identified initially and significant improvement in the safety precautions implemented. CONCLUSIONS: The HIDSP-2 can assist healthcare, education, disability, and child protective service workers in the development of home safety plans for remediating home dangers and implementing precautions. While we see this instrument as eminently suitable for use in broad-based interventions and in epidemiological studies, further research must continue to examine the psychometric characteristics of the individual danger and precaution categories.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1990

The hearing-impaired infant: patterns of identification and habilitation revisited.

This study is a follow-up of an 1980-1982 study that examined the occurrence of risk factors and the patterns of identification and habilitation in a group of hearing-impaired infants from an urban setting. Current findings covering the period 1983-1988, indicate that only one out of three hearing-impaired infants can be expected to be identified through audiological screening programs in Neonatal Intense Care Units (NICUs) and although the age at diagnosis for NICU graduates is significantly earlier than for Well Baby Nursery (WBN) graduates, age at enrollment in a parent-infant program for both NICU and WBN infants is around 20 months. Over the 8 year period covered by our two studies, the age hearing-impaired infants are enrolled in habilitation has remained a year or more later than the 6 month ideal recommended in 1982 by the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing.

Chicago↗
PubMed1984

Uterine embolization in a patient with postabortal hemorrhage.

A case of postabortal hemorrhage in a patient with von Willebrand's disease was controlled by arteriographic embolization of the uterine branch of the internal iliac artery. Selective internal iliac artery embolization has been effectively used to control postpartum hemorrhage and hemorrhage resulting from pelvic malignancy. A discussion is presented for expanding the use of selective embolization for controlling uterine hemorrhage to patients suffering from postabortal bleeding as a means of controlling hemorrhage without sacrificing fertility.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1979

S aureus endocarditis: a review and plea for early surgery.

In a study of 31 cases and a review of the literature, Staphylococcus aureus endocarditis was distinguished from that due to other organisms by the absence of prior valvular disease, by the presence of debilitating illness or acute onset, and by a toxic fulminant course. Availability of semi-synthetic penicillins decreased mortality from 90% to about 50%, with death due to heart failure rather than sepsis. Valvular replacement may improve survival if employed at the first signs of cardiac decompensation, rather than after medical therapy has failed to stabilize a downhill course.

Endocarditis, Bacterial↗
PubMed1975

Induction of drinking by insulin in the rat.

Unanesthetized rats were injected i.v. either with commercial regular insulin, or the diluting fluid of the commercial insulin solution used, or with 0.9 percent NaCl, and placed in individual cages containing no food. Water intake was measured for 2 hr. Injection of the hyposmolar diluting fluid containing glycerol and phenol slightly, but significantly, enhanced the water intake. Insulin in doses from 0.05 to 43.0 U/kg induced an additional drinking response, while 0.02 U/kg had no effect. A linear log dose--response for insulin-induced drinking was obtained between 0.05 and 21.0 U/kg. Small doses of insulin, thus, undoubtly, enhance water intake. Insulin could play a minor role in body water honeostasis in mammals.

Animals↗