PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Stall

Publications and source records attributed to R Stall.

43 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The prevention of HIV infection associated with drug and alcohol use during sexual activity.

The effort to prevent further HIV infection for high risk populations has been largely limited, in practice, to health education efforts. Prevention policy must utilize techniques which, in combination with health education efforts, works to decrease behaviors which are implicated in HIV transmission. It is argued that this approach to prevention will work best if it is designed with an understanding of the conditions under which individuals decline to comply with risk-reduction guidelines. It appears that the use of drugs and alcohol during sexual contact is one such condition. Three prevention strategies are suggested which, in addition to health education efforts, might be used to minimize HIV transmission related to the use of drugs and alcohol during sexual activity among gay men. It is hoped that the approach suggested in this paper for the prevention of further HIV infection might also be adopted to develop prevention strategies for other populations at risk of HIV infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Alcohol and drug use during sexual activity and compliance with safe sex guidelines for AIDS: the AIDS Behavioral Research Project.

This article describes the association between drug and alcohol use during sexual activity and high-risk sex for AIDS. Data to test this association are drawn from a prospective study of the behavioral changes made by gay men in San Francisco in response to the AIDS epidemic. Findings drawn from the May, 1984 and May 1985 waves of data collection are described. The cross-sectional analysis showed that use of particular drugs during sex, the number of drugs used during such activity, and the frequency of combining drugs and sex are all positively associated with risky sexual activity for AIDS. The retrospective data showed that men who currently abstained from combining drug use with sexual activity were likely to have been at no risk for AIDS over two measurement points during the previous year. The men who currently combined drug use with sex were most likely to have a history of high-risk sexual activity over the previous year. These findings show a strong relationship between drug and alcohol use during sex and non-compliance with safe sex techniques to prevent the spread of AIDS. Implications of this relationship for AIDS health education efforts are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Spontaneous remission from the problematic use of substances: an inductive model derived from a comparative analysis of the alcohol, opiate, tobacco, and food/obesity literatures.

Despite obvious theoretical and treatment implications, the study of how individuals end the "compulsive" use of substances without formal treatment ("spontaneous remission") remains a relatively neglected topic. This paper reviews the literature germane to spontaneous remission from four substances (opiates, alcohol, food/obesity, and tobacco) selected for their widely variant meanings within the mainstream North American culture. Common processes important to spontaneous remission from these four substances are identified and form the basis of an inductively derived model of spontaneous remission behavior. This model, relevant to interactionist theory, is offered for further, empirical testing.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A gene from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria that determines avirulence in tomato is related to avrBs3.

Strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria that were avirulent in tomato leaves but virulent in pepper leaves were identified. A cloned gene, avrBsP, from one of the strains, Xv 87-7, converted a virulent strain in tomato to avirulent in tomato. A 1.7-kb subclone containing the avirulence gene cross-hybridized with the avirulence gene, which determines race 1 within the pepper group of strains (avrBs3). However, the two avirulence genes differ in their biological activity. The base sequences of the two avirulence genes were almost identical through the 1.7-kb segment of avrBsP, with significant differences only in some bases in the repeat region.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reported changes in the sexual behavior of men at risk for AIDS, San Francisco, 1982-84--the AIDS Behavioral Research Project.

We surveyed 454 men in November 1983 and in May 1984 regarding their sexual practices during the month before the survey. In the 1983 survey, we also asked for reports about sexual behavior during the same month 1 year prior to the survey. The sample consisted of men recruited as they left bath-houses and bars, men who had not used bars or baths for meeting sexual partners for 2 months prior to the November 1983 survey, and men in committed primary relationships with another man. We found substantial changes in reported sexual behavior with persons other than a primary partner. The average number of male partners declined from 6.3 in November 1982 to 3.9 in May 1984. Receptive anal intercourse without condom declined from 1.9 to 0.7, oral-anal contact declined from 1.1 to 0.3, and swallowing semen declined from 2.8 to 0.7 in terms of the number of times that the respondent engaged in the act in the last month. These same changes did not occur in relation to sex with a primary partner. Only one variable, namely, increased length of time since the first homosexual experience, distinguished persons maintaining few sexual partners from those increasing the number of sexual partners from November 1983 to May 1984. Four variables distinguished those retaining high numbers of sexual partners from those lowering the number of sexual partners, namely, ability to remember a visual image of AIDS deterioration, age, relationship status, and length of time since first homosexual experience.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Demographic characteristics of heterosexuals with multiple partners: the National AIDS Behavioral Surveys.

In a study of risk behavior among heterosexuals, 9% of a national sample and 12% of a sample drawn from high-risk cities report having two or more sexual partners in the year before the survey. In both samples, sex with multiple partners is most common among men, younger people and the unmarried. Multivariate analyses show that racial and ethnic differences in the proportion of respondents with multiple partners vary by marital status. The results indicate that many heterosexuals are failing to protect themselves against sexually transmitted diseases: Among respondents with multiple partners, only 18% of men and 22% of women always use condoms with their primary partner, and 28% of men and 32% of women always use them with secondary partners. These proportions do not increase significantly with the number of partners; in general, almost half of men and women with multiple partners never use condoms.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗