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Biomedical subjects

R Stanley

Publications and source records attributed to R Stanley.

32 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Drug therapy of heart failure.

While the incidence of cardiovascular disorders has decreased over the past 10 to 20 years, the incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) has more than tripled. Although much has been learned about the pathophysiology of CHF, the annual mortality rate continues to be high and the impact of medical management is still less than optimal. The goals of therapy are to minimize or eliminate any underlying causes, reduce sodium and water retention, reduce the workload of the heart, and increase contractility. This article reviews the rationale for and clinical use of diuretics, vasodilators, and inotropes in the management of CHF.

Cardiotonic Agents↗
PubMed1990

Profile of Mood States: Australian normative data.

The Profile of Mood States was administered to 90 Australian women, 30 depressed, 30 anxious, and 30 nonpsychiatric controls. Both clinical groups scored higher than the McNair, Lorr, and Droppleman (1971) normative samples on the negative mood states and scored lower on Vigor. The means for these groups are presented and compared with the 1971 normative data of McNair, Lorr, and Droppleman.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of continence in people with learning disabilities: 1.

This article is the first of a four-part series which examines the continence-based needs of people with a learning disability. It considers the difficulty in defining learning disability as it is not a unitary phenomenon but covers a spectrum where learning delay is present to varying degrees. At best, the term is used administratively and therefore people with learning disabilities are those who are known to agencies providing services for such people. However, less than half of the total UK learning disabled population will not be identified as suffering impaired intellectual ability. So, even as an administrative term, learning disability fails.

Fecal Incontinence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of continence in people with learning disabilities: 2.

Continence is a complex skill predicated on an array of voluntary and involuntary processes that must occur synchronistically. It is a skill that takes the non-disabled child years to perfect. Within the array of skills that combine to achieve continence, there are many opportunities for events to go awry. In clients with learning disability, overall brain function is impaired and more localized damage may coexist. The care and management of continence needs in the adult with learning disabilities can be construed as challenging to service providers. Continence needs, over and above neurological damage and/or societal damage, may also be based within a psychological need. This article, the second in a series examining issues associated with continence care in clients with learning disabilities, considers the differentiation between and understanding of impairment, disability and handicap, both globally and partially. The nurse is asked to place the continence needs of his/her client within this matrix.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of continence in people with learning disabilities: 3.

Behaviourism is a model of intervention for people with a learning disability which focuses on observable behaviour and methods of changing it. The behaviourist strategies do not typically place high value on some of the diagnostic labels that have been considered in the first two articles of this series (Vol 5(6): 364-8; Vol 5(8): 492-8). Rather, the behaviourist is concerned with the behaviours a particular individual shows. Behaviour modification is a particular methodology within psychotherapy that has many interpretations, ranging from a rigid orthodoxy through to an eclectic ecumenicism of theoretical models. The third article in this series on the management of continence in people with a learning disability examines the behavioural strategies that have been historically and are currently available to practitioners. The legacy of behaviour modification (1970s style) means that staff do sometimes perceive such strategies as treatment, whereas in fact the treatment is a combination of designing the environment, designing individual programmes and designing specific ways of developing more valuing forms of continence management.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Applying the four principles of ethics to continence care.

Sixteen years ago the United Nations designated 1981 as the International Year of Disabled Persons. The key words for the year were equality and participation. These describe the four ethical principles of respect: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice, and they are still applicable today. The nurse supporting continence-based needs in the client with learning disabilities needs to demonstrate equality and participation in his/her practice. Applied ethics as practised by the nurse is the application of values, rules, standards or principles that should guide decisions about what we ought to do. It gives meaning to the individual and collective experience of an illness. Nurses do not typically inform their practice by reflection upon their philosophy, and thus do not have insight into what illness or disease means for them or their clients.

Ethics, Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Learning disabilities: supporting nurses in delivering primary care.

This article introduces an educational project supported by The Queen's Nursing Institute and sponsored by the Hertfordshire Nursing Trust. It reports on the initial results from a literature review and its implications for nursing. There is broad acknowledgement of a problem in the delivery of primary care nursing for people with a learning disability, but little consensus on how to move either medical or nursing practice forward. It was proposed, therefore, to systematically assess the learning needs of nurses delivering primary care and to develop an evaluated methodology for responding to those needs. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken. Three consistent themes emerged: knowledge and training needs; role definitions and liaison; and clinical issues. Implications for nursing, and the future development of the project are considered.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conducive to change.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Cerebral Palsy↗