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Biomedical subjects

R Stratton

Publications and source records attributed to R Stratton.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Relationship between prevalence of alcohol problems and socioeconomic conditions among Oklahoma Native Americans.

Oklahoma Indian tribes are ranked according to five problem drinking indicators and five socioeconomic indices. The relationship between the tribes' prevalence of alcohol problems and socioeconomic conditions is examined. Unfavorable socioeconomic conditions predicted high rates of alcohol problems, but more favorable conditions did not predict low rates. Social controls may be more important than socioeconomic conditions in controlling alcohol problems among Oklahoma Native Americans. In a previously published study we found that Native American tribes in Oklahoma varied dramatically in the extent to which they suffered from alcohol problems. In this followup study we have sought explanation for these large differences by comparing the socioeconomic conditions of the tribes to their rates of alcohol related problems. The relationship between socioeconomic conditions and alcohol problems has received considerable attention in the literature. Popham, et. al. found that when the price of beverage alcohol relative to average disposable (real) income is high, indices of alcohol consumption and alcoholism are usually low, and vice versa. In a similar vein, Edwards et. al. suggested that alcoholism is likely to increase the risk of death more in upperclass than in lowerclass alcoholics. On the other hand, others have blamed economic deprivations for high rates of problem drinking, especially among disadvantaged minorities. Price suggested that Indian societies which had little access to economic opportunities have more drinking problems than those with great access. Caravedo found that socioeconomic deprivation is a primary factor in both the etiology and the medical consequences of alcoholism.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Improved glycemic control after supervised 8-wk exercise program in insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents.

Eight insulin-dependent adolescents (4 boys, 4 girls) participated in an 8-wk program of supervised exercise, and 8 matched controls were encouraged to exercise on their own without supervision. All 16 subjects were asked to follow a standard ADA diet plan, kept a self-reported log of caloric intake, and met with a dietitian weekly to review their diets. Exercise for the supervised subjects was scheduled between the routine afternoon snack and the evening meal, and subjects were asked not to consume additional food on exercise days. After the 8-wk program, glycemic control, as measured by glycosylated serum albumin and blood glucose values (but not by glycosylated hemoglobin), improved in the supervised-exercise group despite reduced daily insulin dosage. Cardiorespiratory fitness, as measured by voluntary maximum treadmill time (Bruce protocol) and submaximal exercise heart rates, also improved. No changes were observed in the unsupervised control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender differences in peak acetaldehyde concentration after an acute dose of ethanol.

Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethyl alcohol, is found in higher concentrations in alcoholics and heavy drinkers after alcohol ingestion than in social drinkers or abstainers. This experiment investigated gender differences related to acetaldehyde. Seventy-nine adult social drinkers (38 females and 41 males) were tested after an overnight fast and at least 4 hours food deprived with 0.52 g/kg ethanol in water (20% alcohol by volume). Blood alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations from breath samples were determined every 5 minutes post-drink for 40 minutes with a gas chromatograph. The drink was consumed over a 5-minute period. Half of each group ran 30-140 miles per week. The other half were controls. A significant overall gender difference in peak acetaldehyde concentration was obtained (p less than 0.5), with males showing higher values than females. Among athletes, these gender differences were greater (p less than 0.002). Among controls the gender differences were in the same direction but they were not significant. Groups did not differ reliably on age (M = 32.88 years, F = 31.13 years), drinking history (M = 2.07, F = 1.92) or lean body mass (M = 43.1, F = 43.1). Groups did not differ on time to peak blood alcohol concentrations (M = 30.98 min, F = 31.58 min). The results have implications for gender differences in alcoholism and biological sensitivity to alcohol.

Acetaldehyde↗