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R Sykes

Publications and source records attributed to R Sykes.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Overview of suspected adverse reactions to veterinary medicinal products reported in South Africa (March 2004 - February 2006).

The Veterinary Pharmacovigilance and Medicines Information Centre is responsible for the monitoring of veterinary adverse drug reactions in South Africa. An overview of reports of suspected adverse drug reactions received by the centre during the period March 2004 to February 2006 is presented. A total of 21 reports was received in the 2-year period, continuing the decline in the number of reports to a lower figure than in any previous year. This is surprising considering the legal obligation of the veterinary professionals to report all adverse drug reactions. Once again the majority of reports involved suspected adverse reactions that occurred in dogs and cats. Most of the products implicated were stock remedies. Veterinarians predominantly administered these products.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2005

Overview of suspected adverse reactions to veterinary medicinal products reported in South Africa (March 2003 - February 2004).

The Veterinary Pharmacovigilance and Medicines Information Centre is responsible for the monitoring of veterinary adverse drug reactions in South Africa. An overview of reports of suspected adverse drug reactions received by the centre during the period March 2003 to February 2004 is given. A total of 20 reports was received. This had declined from the previous year. The general apathy with regards to the reporting of adverse drug reaction has prompted the Medicines Control Council to make reporting a legal obligation on all members of the veterinary and medical profession as from August 2004. The majority of reports involved suspected adverse reactions that occurred in dogs and cats. Most of the products implicated were Stock Remedies. Veterinarians predominantly administered these products. Only two reports were received from a veterinary pharmaceutical company.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMed2004

Refining the primary open-angle glaucoma GLC1C region on chromosome 3 by haplotype analysis.

The GLC1C locus for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. This region on chromosome 3 is 11 cM long. DNA samples from members of a Greek and an American GLC1C family were obtained to determine whether additional typing of microsatellite markers in family members might narrow the region. GLC1C family members were evaluated clinically for POAG on the basis of open angles, intraocular pressures, cupping of discs, and visual fields. DNA samples from the Greek and Oregon GLC1C families were used to further refine the GLC1C region using microsatellite markers. A total of 22 affected members were identified in the two families. Common alleles for D3S3637 and D3S3612 were present in the disease haplotype from both families, suggesting that they may have a common founder. A newly diagnosed patient in the American family had a recombination in the distal portion of the GLC1C haplotype. This recombination narrows the GLC1C region from 11 to 4 cM.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1993

Plasmid DNA analysis, biotyping, and antimicrobic susceptibility as subtyping tests for Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca.

We compared plasmid DNA analysis, biotyping by Vitek, and disk diffusion antimicrobic susceptibility as subtyping tests of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca. The 92 tested isolates were from alternate, culture-positive patients over 6 months. No outbreak or cluster of infections was recognized during this interval. Plasmid DNA was detected in 85% of the isolates. Each isolate except one had a reproducible absence of plasmid DNA or a reproducible plasmid DNA profile on repetitive testing. Restriction endonuclease enzyme analysis of plasmid DNA was necessary to distinguish differences among some isolates that had only large plasmids. Isolates with only large plasmids represented 18% of the collection. Of the 78 isolates with plasmid DNA, all but two were considered different from one another by plasmid DNA analysis. Biotyping and antimicrobic susceptibility testing were not highly reproducible. In addition, biotyping did not demonstrate a sufficient variety of patterns among the isolates for subtyping purposes. We conclude that plasmid DNA analysis is very useful as a subtyping test for isolates of K. pneumoniae and K. oxytoca. Neither biotyping nor antimicrobial susceptibility as performed in our laboratory had sufficient discriminatory power and reproducibility for subtyping these organisms.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1993

Fatal diltiazem overdose: report of four cases and review of the literature.

Four fatal cases of diltiazem overdose are described and compared with previously published cases. Clinical sequelae include all grades of heart block, hypotension and ultimately death. Management includes gastric lavage and oral administration of activated charcoal at presentation. Further symptomatic treatment with inotropic agents and temporary cardiac pacing may be required. If these measures are successful, recovery occurs within 36 hours in uncomplicated cases. Toxicological data have been reviewed but currently drug levels can only offer a retrospective analysis of the severity of overdoses. As the use and risk of abuse of diltiazem increases, these reports serve to highlight the possible hazards and to alert physicians to what must be regarded as a dangerous and potentially lethal drug in overdosage.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Bioconversion of the sodium salt of simvastatin (MK-733) to 6-desmethyl-6-alpha-hydroxymethyl simvastatin.

An actinomycete (MA 6474, ATCC 53828) isolated from a soil sample (Mutare, Zimbabwe) was found to biotransform the sodium salt of Simvastatin (MK-733) to 6-alpha-hydroxymethyl MK-733, 6-beta-hydroxymethyl MK-733, and 6-ring-hydroxy MK-733. The bioconversion efficiency to the desired compound, 6-alpha-hydroxymethyl MK-733, was enhanced by optimizing the physico-chemical parameters of the process. In shake flask cultures, addition of magnesium (0.125 mg/l Mg SO4.7H2O) to the medium resulted in a five-fold increase in the rate of bioconversion to the alpha diastereomer. The ratio of bioconversion products (6-alpha-hydroxymethyl,6-beta-hydroxymethyl, and 6-ring-hydroxy MK-733) was regulated by pH. Process improvements and scale up in 23-1 fermentors, which consisted of a controlled addition of substrate (MK-733), resulted in a 2-fold increase in alpha diastereomer production (42 vs. 79 U/ml) and a 23-fold rate increase in the formation of alpha-diastereomer. A high diastereomeric ratio (alpha: beta = 9:1) facilitated downstream processing.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1990

Plasmid DNA fingerprinting of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus from intubated and mechanically ventilated patients.

Forty-three intubated and mechanically ventilated patients in five intensive care units (ICUs) of one hospital developed respiratory colonization or infection with Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus over a 16-month interval. Neither the frequency nor rate of A anitratus isolation exceeded the hospital endemic norms. Single isolates from 34 of the patients were subtyped by plasmid DNA analysis, two biotyping systems and antimicrobial susceptibility to 24 drugs. Plasmid DNA fingerprints were distinct in 18 isolates (they differed from each other and all others), similar in two and identical or similar in ten. The latter group of isolates were recovered from patients in four ICUs. Reproducibility of biotyping was poor. Neither biotyping nor antimicrobial susceptibility were successful in identifying sameness among the group isolates nor differences among other isolates. We conclude that plasmid DNA fingerprinting should be used to assess the possibility of multiple patient transmissions of the same A anitratus strain in the absence of an obvious outbreak.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1987

Temazepam abuse.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1986

Properties of a class C beta-lactamase from Serratia marcescens.

A beta-lactamase produced by a penicillin-resistant strain of Serratia marcescens was isolated and purified. The kcat. value for benzylpenicillin was about 5% of that observed for the best cephalosporin substrates. However, the low Km of the penam resulted in a high catalytic efficiency (kcat./Km) and the classification of the enzyme as a cephalosporinase might not be completely justified. It also exhibited a low but measurable activity against cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefoxitin and moxalactam. Substrate-induced inactivation was observed both with a very good (cephalothin) or a very bad (moxalactam) substrate. The active site was labelled by beta-iodopenicillanate. Trypsin digestion produced a 19-residue active-site peptide whose sequence clearly allowed the classification of the enzyme as a class C beta-lactamase.

Amino Acids↗