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R T Crane

Publications and source records attributed to R T Crane.

14 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1999

Monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) formulations for the next generation of vaccines.

Many of the latest trends in vaccine development are dependent on immunological adjuvants that mediate and promote a wide variety of immune responses. One promising adjuvant candidate, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) immunostimulant, is being investigated with many of these new vaccine approaches in either preclinical or clinical trials. This is possible because different vehicle formulations can significantly influence the type of immunological response MPL promotes. Procedures are provided for formulating MPL in an aqueous vehicle or an oil-in-water emulsion. These two MPL formulations can be beneficial for most vaccine approaches being investigated today.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1995

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection as a result of nonprimary cytomegalovirus disease in a mother with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

A pregnant woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome had nonprimary cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia and died of complications from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and CMV sinusitis and pneumonitis. A boy was delivered by cesarean section at 34 weeks of gestation as the mother's health deteriorated and fetal distress developed. The infant died soon after delivery of interstitial pneumonitis and hyaline membrane disease with invasive CMV disease that affected the kidneys, adrenal glands, and placenta; the CMV strains from the mother and neonate were identical.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1992

Retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section: evaluation of technical modification in 143 cases.

Selective vestibular nerve section is effective in relieving intractable vertigo while preserving hearing. Histologic study demonstrated overlap of the cochlear and vestibular fibers at the cochleovestibular cleavage plane within the posterior fossa. In the hopes of improving surgical results by sectioning these overlapping vestibular fibers, the technique of sectioning the vestibular division of the eighth nerve was modified to include a small portion of the cochlear division. We have evaluated 143 cases of retrolabyrinthine vestibular nerve section in which this technical modification was employed. A patient questionnaire was used to examine control of vertigo as well as changes in tinnitus, unsteadiness, and disability. Hearing preservation and incidence of complications were also reviewed. Resolution or improvement of vertigo occurred in 93 percent of Menièré's cases and 74 percent of non-Menièré's cases as compared to 97 percent and 68 percent, respectively, in the pre-1986 series.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Burn scar carcinoma of the head and neck.

Carcinomas arising in burn scars are uncommon. Of the several hundred cases reported in the world's literature, 30% have been described in the head and neck region. Acute burn scar carcinoma, which occurs within one to two years of injury, is rare, while the chronic type, with an average latency of 35 years from injury to diagnosis, is much more common. Two cases of burn scar carcinoma are presented. Treatment is based on the histologic cell type (usually squamous cell or basal cell), in addition to the clinical stage. Adjuvant radiation therapy can often improve the results obtained with surgical excision alone. Proper initial treatment of burns, with early use of skin grafts, might curb the development of these potentially serious tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Successful treatment of murine cytomegalovirus disease does not prevent latent virus infection.

9-(1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (DHPG), a nucleoside analogue, inhibits the replication of human and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) in cell culture. We studied the effects of treatment with DHPG on acute MCMV infection in mice and assessed the impact of drug therapy on the eventual development of latent viral infection. In virus-susceptible Balb/c mice, DHPG treatment limited dissemination of virus infection and prevented death. In sublethal infection of both Balb/c and virus-resistant C3H/St mice, DHPG prevented recovery of infectious virus from visceral organs, including the spleen. Despite these effects of drug treatment on virus replication during acute infection, latent MCMV could be reactivated in vivo by immunosuppression and in vitro by spleen explantation in virtually all mice. These results indicate that successful treatment of MCMV infection and marked suppression of viral replication do not prevent establishment of viral latency.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

Reduced plasma lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity in rats fed iron-deficient diets.

An iron-deficient diet containing no fat (FF-Fe) or containing either 14% hydrogenated coconut oil (HCNO-Fe) or 14% corn oil (CO-Fe) was fed to separate groups of rats for 10 weeks. In the control group, the corresponding iron-supplemented diets were fed FF+Fe, HCNO+Fe, CO+Fe. When rats were fed iron-deficient diets, their plasma lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity was significantly reduced as compared to controls. Their plasma also contained releatively more cholesteryl esters (CE) than free cholesterol (CH). In rats fed FF+Fe and CO+Fe diets, plasma contained similar levels of CE and CH. In those fed HCNO+Fe diet, plasma had 40% less Ce than CH. Red cell CH content was significantly greater in the CO-Fe group. Iron deficiency, as indicated by low blood hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) values, was also observed only in this group. The triglyceride and phospholipid contents of plasma in rats fed iron-deficient diets were significantly lower than of those in the control groups. Thus, changes in LCAT activity and CE/CH ratio in plasma showed the effect of iron-deficient diet consumption even before the blood Hb and Hct levels were reduced.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Complexities in lipid quantitation using thin layer chromatography for separation and flame ionization for detection.

The use of thin layer chromatography (TLC) for separation (using silica gel coated quartz rods) and subsequent flame ionization for detection (FID) was examined to determine whether this method could be used for the quantitation of lipids. However, response factors (RF) for various lipids were different and depended upon several variables including the amount of material analyzed. For example, RF were 3-fold greater when 10 micrograms of tripalmitin was analyzed as compared to 1 microgram of the same material. The amount of lipid detected by FID was also dependent upon the rate at which it passed through the flame. During analysis of methylpentadecanoate, detector response increased with scan speed, while at all speeds it was completely removed from the rod. On the other hand, depending upon the amount of cholesterol or phospholipid analyzed, the response either increased, remained unchanged or decreased with scan speed. During a fast scan, detector response was reduced because some material remained on the rod. Thus, the detector response is influenced by sample volatility. In conclusion, there appears to be a complex relationship between detector response and the amount of heat available per microgram of sample. Since we could not find a direct correlation between detector response and sample quantity, it would be difficult to use TLC-FID as a tool for quantitating the components of a lipid mixture.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1983

Reduction of hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity in rats fed iron-deficient diets.

The effect of feeding iron-deficient diets to rats on the hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity was examined since iron is present in the delta 9 desaturation system. Separate groups of rats were fed low iron diets without fat (FF-Fe) or containing either 14% hydrogenated coconut oil (HCNO-Fe) or 14% corn oil (CO-Fe) for 10 weeks. Diets supplemented with iron (FF + Fe, HCNO + Fe and CO + Fe) were fed to the corresponding control groups. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity in the liver microsomes of rats in the CO + Fe group (2.55 +/- 0.17 nmol oleate produced/min/mg protein) was about half of that in the HCNO + Fe (4.76 +/- 0.15) and FF + Fe (5.38 +/- 0.18) diet groups. In rats which were fed iron-deficient diets, hepatic desaturase levels were reduced significantly as compared to those of controls (1.0 +/- 0.06, CO-Fe; 2.11 +/- 0.13, HCNO-Fe; 3.65 +/- 0.1, FF-Fe). The hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels in blood showed moderate iron depletion only in the CO-Fe group. Hence, dietary polyunsaturated fat promotes the onset of iron deficiency. Furthermore, even before the blood Hb and Hct values express iron depletion, the effect of feeding low iron diets was observed by the reduction of hepatic delta 9 desaturase activity in rats fed HCNO-Fe and FF-Fe diets.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Lipophilic chelator inhibition of electron transport in Escherichia coli.

The lipophilic chelator bathophenanthroline inhibits electron transport in membranes from Escherichia coli. The less lipophilic 1,10-phenanthroline, bathophenanthroline sulfonate, and alpha,alpha-dipyridyl have little effect. Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase is more sensitive to bathophenanthroline inhibition than lactate oxidase activity. Evidence for two sites of inhibition comes from the fact that both reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide menadione reductase and duroquinol oxidase activities are inhibited. Addition of uncouplers of phosphorylation before bathophenanthroline protects against inhibition.

Alcohol Oxidoreductases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Toxic shock syndrome following submandibular gland excision.

Acute toxic shock syndrome (TSS), initially described in association with the use of super absorbent tampons in menstruating women, has complicated a variety of surgical procedures. Recent attention in head and neck surgery has focused on absorbent packing materials, such as those used in postoperative nasal care. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion in all postoperative patients to fever, hypotension, and erythroderma. We report TSS following submandibular gland excision.

Dermatitis, Exfoliative↗