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Biomedical subjects

R T Greene

Publications and source records attributed to R T Greene.

28 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Clinical and serologic evaluations of induced Borrelia burgdorferi infection in dogs.

Adult Beagles were used to evaluate clinical signs and serologic response after inoculation with, or exposure to, Borrelia burgdorferi. An indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) and 2 ELISA were used to monitor the serologic response to B burgdorferi. Feeding infected ticks on 4 dogs (group 1) failed to cause seroconversion, and SC inoculation with 500 organisms caused minimal seroconversion in 2 of 4 dogs (group 2). At 56 days, approximately 3.01 X 10(8) B burgdorferi organisms were injected IV into group-1 dogs, and intraperitoneally into group-2 dogs. A control group of 4 dogs (group 3) had noninfected ticks feed on them, and then were given IV injection of physiologic saline solution. Increases in immunoglobulin M (IgM) titers were detected in 2 of 4 group-2 dogs approximately 7 days after the initial exposure. These titers returned to negligible values 20 days later. Immunoglobulin G titers increased approximately 10 days after the initial exposure and were mildly increased 56 days later, when dogs were exposed a second time. Both the IV and intraperitoneal injections (second exposures) resulted in increased IgM titers, which in both groups eventually returned to preexposure values after approximately 2 months. Immunoglobulin G titers increased within a week after the second exposure, and in 3 dogs monitored for 8 months, returned to negligible values after the 8-month period. One control dog had a slightly increased IgG titer 24 days after the second inoculation. The possibility of urine transmission is suggested. Clinical status, hemograms, serum biochemical profiles, ECG and results of urinalyses remained normal throughout the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in North Carolina.

An indirect immunofluorescence assay was used to detect antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in sera from 600 dogs in 1983 and 402 dogs in 1985. In 1983, the overall prevalence rate of dogs with B burgdorferi titers greater than or equal to 1:64 was 3.6%, whereas in 1985, the prevalence rate was 2.7%. An unexplainable higher seroprevalence was detected in 1 group of dogs tested in 1983. These dogs were from the southern coastal plains of North Carolina. In the dogs tested in 1985, this regional difference in sero-prevalence was not noticed. Statistical differences were not noticed (P greater than 0.05) between dogs from 2 sources or when gender was considered. Seemingly, the prevalence of anti-B burgdorferi antibodies in dogs in North Carolina was low.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Trombiculiasis in a cat.

The diagnosis of trombiculiasis in a cat was based on the presence of an orange, crusting dermatosis, and identification of 6-legged larvae in skin scrapings. The prevalence of the disease may be higher than suggested by the number of reports in the literature, and due to the lack of pruritus, often may be overlooked.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The influence of host factors on the outcome of a viral infection.

The clinician confronted with a patient that has an infectious disease, particularly one caused by a virus, faces a series of difficult problems: diagnostic confirmation of the infection, instituting appropriate therapy, duration of treatment, preventing secondary complications, and preventing transmission of the virus to susceptible animals. Yet, it is the complex relationship between the patient, as host to a pathogenic virus, the virus, and the environment that ultimately influences the clinical course of an infection. The ability to accurately prognose the outcome of any infection is, therefore, predicated on the clinician's awareness of biological and environmental variables that apply to the individual patient.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Hypoalbuminemia-related platelet hypersensitivity in two dogs with nephrotic syndrome.

Platelet aggregation studies in 2 dogs with nephrotic syndrome disclosed increased platelet sensitivity to a low dose of adenosine diphosphate. Subsequent studies with isolated platelets and plasma indicated that a plasma factor was responsible primarily for inducing platelet hypersensitivity. The increased platelet aggregation response was corrected by increasing the albumin concentration of the plasma. The study suggested an important role for albumin in modulating platelet aggregation and may partially explain the tendency toward thrombosis noted in hypoalbuminemic dogs with nephrotic syndrome.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An update on the serodiagnosis of canine Lyme borreliosis.

The first report of canine Lyme borreliosis was published in 1984, and since that time there have been numerous reports. Clinical manifestations have varied, and serology is often used to make the diagnosis. This review is designed to inform veterinary clinicians about the current serologic tests and their limitations. In endemic areas, the fact that up to 50% of the canine population can be asymptomatic, yet seropositive, suggests that positive antibody titers do not necessarily indicate the presence of disease. Instead, the presence of a positive antibody titer should be considered evidence of exposure to the agent. Many dogs apparently are exposed to the agent of Lyme borreliosis but do not come down with the disease. Immunoblots are not able to distinguish between infection versus exposure. Newer diagnostic tests, such as antigen assays, are being evaluated. However, the fact that spirochetes have been isolated from 8% of asymptomatic dogs living in an endemic area is evidence that these tests will also need to be cautiously interpreted. Our inability to characterize the relationship between clinical signs and serology has hampered our understanding of canine Lyme disease. Presently, the diagnosis should be one of exclusion. A diagnosis of Lyme borreliosis should be considered confirmed only when other diseases are completely ruled out.

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PubMedDate not supplied

Coccidioidomycosis in 48 cats: a retrospective study (1984-1993)

Coccidioidomycosis was diagnosed in 48 cats. Forty-one cases were identified within a period of 3 years. Coccidioides immitis was revealed by cytological or histopathological examinations, or culture in 70% of cats. The remaining 30% of cases were diagnosed by appropriate clinical signs, radiographic lesions, and serological test results. The average age of affected cats was 6.2 years with a median age of 5.0 years. Fifty-four percent (n = 26) were female and 46% (n = 22) were male. Domestic shorthaired and longhaired breeds comprised 89% (n = 41) of affected cats. Sixty-seven percent of cases were diagnosed during the 6-month period of December through May. Cats infected with C immitis were presented for evaluation of dermatologic (56%), respiratory (25%), musculoskeletal (19%), and neurological or ophthalmologic signs (19%). Fever, inappetence, and weight loss were present in 44% of the cats. Duration of clinical signs before diagnosis was less than 4 weeks in 85% (n = 42) of cats, with an average of 3.8 weeks and a median of 2 weeks. Agar gel immunodiffusion tests were positive in all 39 cats tested at sometime during the course of their disease. Hyperproteinemia (greater than 7.9 g/dL) was present in 52% (10/23) of cases. The majority of cats (n = 39) were negative for feline leukemia virus. Antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus were absent in the 19 cats tested. Ketoconazole was the most common antifungal agent used to treat cats with coccidioidomycosis. Duration of treatment ranged from less than 1 week to 43 months. Thirty-two cats are currently asymptomatic, with or without treatment. Eleven cats died or were euthanized.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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PubMedDate not supplied

Post-therapy antibody titers in dogs with ehrlichiosis: follow-up study on 68 patients treated primarily with tetracycline and/or doxycycline.

The clinical and serological responses to therapy were evaluated for at least 1 year in 68 dogs with antibody titers positive for Ehrlichia canis. Treatments were of variable periods with primarily tetracycline hydorchloride and/or doxycycline. Sixteen dogs had initial titers of 1:20 and, at the end of the year, were asymptomatic, no longer receiving medication, and had negative serology. The average length of treatment with tetracycline HCl and/or doxycycline was 85 days (range, 14 to 360 days). Of 39 dogs with initial titers of 1:2,560 or greater, 1 died, 25 were asymptomatic, and 13 were lost to follow-up at the end of the study. The average length of treatment was 210 days (range, 21 to 630 days). Twenty-seven dogs were seropositive at > or = 1:2,560 when the sera was last tested. Thirteen dogs had initial titers of 1:80 to 1:1,280. Of these 13 dogs, 2 died, 2 were lost to follow-up, and 9 were asymptomatic and had titers ranging from negative to > or = 1:2,560 at the end of the study. The persistence of antibodies, prolonged subclinical phase, and delayed relapses despite long-term medication, suggest inadequate chemotherapeutic agents or may be natural features of latency of ehrlichiosis in dogs.

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