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Biomedical subjects

R T Sadikot

Publications and source records attributed to R T Sadikot.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Sarcoidosis and opportunistic infections.

Two patients receiving steroid therapy for sarcoidosis had a potentially fatal opportunistic infection that was difficult to differentiate from the underlying illness, but was successfully treated after the diagnosis was made. The effects of sarcoidosis on the immune system and the additional effects of steroid therapy on cell-mediated immunity seem to be of real clinical significance, rather than being of theoretical interest alone, because of the risk of infection with intracellular infecting organisms, even if such infections occur relatively infrequently.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Pleural fluid characteristics of patients with symptomatic pleural effusion after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

BACKGROUND: This study describes the pleural fluid characteristics of patients who develop symptomatic pleural effusions after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). METHODS: Post-CABG patients who underwent a therapeutic thoracentesis for a symptomatic pleural effusion were included unless another explanation for the pleural effusion was present. RESULTS: During the study, 71 patients (mean age, 61 years) were identified; 49 were men and 22 were women. All patients underwent internal mammary artery grafting. Early effusions (<30 days after CABG) occurred in 45 patients (63%) and late effusions (>/=30 days after CABG) developed in 26 (37%). Early effusions were bloody (median red blood cell count, 706 x 10(12)/L [706,000 mm(3)])with a high eosinophil count (median, 0.385), whereas effusions that occurred in the late period were yellow exudates with predominant lymphocytes (median, 0.68) and monocytes (median, 0.20). The mean pleural fluid level of lactate dehydrogenase was more than 3 times the upper limit of the reference range in serum in early effusions, whereas late effusions had significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase levels. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of early and late effusions differ significantly, suggesting a different pathogenesis of the effusions. Patients who develop a symptomatic pleural effusion after CABG should undergo a therapeutic thoracentesis; however, further investigations are warranted only in patients who have pleural fluid characteristics different from those described.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

Respiratory bronchiolitis associated with severe dyspnea, exertional hypoxemia, and clubbing.

Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease (RBILD) is a distinct clinicopathologic disease described almost exclusively in cigarette smokers.(1) (2) The disease usually presents with mild symptoms and is associated with a good prognosis. (2) Severe lung dysfunction has not been reported with RBILD, which is often confused clinically and radiographically with desquamative interstitial lung disease or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Two patients with RBILD who developed severe dyspnea, hypoxemia, and clubbing are described. Initially, IPF was diagnosed in both patients. The severity of symptoms was such that the first patient's room air saturation was 85% and the second patient had severe impairment of lung function, with FEV(1) of 39% and FVC of 40%. Advanced lung disease required supplemental home oxygen therapy in the first patient and referral for lung transplant evaluation in the second patient. After a detailed review of histology revealed a diagnosis of RBILD, both patients were encouraged to stop smoking; smoking cessation led to considerable improvement in symptoms and lung function tests. We conclude that advanced lung dysfunction occurs in some patients with RBILD and should not dissuade that diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The role of nuclear factor-kappa B in pulmonary diseases.

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) is a family of DNA-binding protein factors that are required for transcription of most proinflammatory molecules, including adhesion molecules, enzymes, cytokines, and chemokines. NF-kappaB activation seems to be a key early event in a variety of cell and animal model systems developed to elucidate the pathobiology of lung diseases. The purpose of this short review is to describe what is known about the molecular biology of NF-kappaB and to review information that implicates NF-kappaB in the pathogenesis of lung disease, including ARDS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, asthma, respiratory viral infections, occupational and environmental lung disease, and cystic fibrosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Breast metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer.

Breast is an unusual site for metastatic disease, particularly for non-small cell lung cancer. We report an unusual case of metastatic breast lesions from a primary anaplastic lung tumor and discuss the common and uncommon sites of metastasis from lung carcinomas.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1997

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis with pulmonary cystic disease in a child, following maternal genital warts.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of the genital tract is associated with the development of genital warts. A causal link between maternal HPV infection and development of laryngeal papillomatosis in the offspring has been proposed. We report a case of pulmonary cystic disease, a rare but serious complication of laryngeal papillomatosis in a child, following maternal genital warts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Spontaneous pneumothorax in a patient with an azygos lobe.

The association between a spontaneous pneumothorax and an azygos lobe is surprisingly rare. A case is reported in which surgical management was difficult; it is suggested that thoracotomy is preferable to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery in this situation. It is possible that the presence of an azygos lobe might protect against the subsequent development of a spontaneous pneumothorax, and the possible mechanism of this is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

BACKGROUND: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a common clinical problem and its incidence is thought to be increasing. The risk of recurrence is high and various studies quote rates of 20-60%. Factors which may or may not predispose to recurrence have not yet been established. METHODS: In a study period of four years 291 cases with a diagnosis of pneumothorax were reviewed; 153 patients with PSP were included in the study. Their risk of recurrence was analysed with particular reference to the following variables: age, sex, height and body mass index (BMI) of the patient, the initial size of pneumothorax, the smoking status of the patient, and the primary form of treatment employed. Univariate analysis was carried out by chi 2 testing and multivariate analysis was calculated by a logistic regression model. RESULTS: A retrospective study of 275 episodes of PSP in 153 patients over a four year period confirmed a high incidence of recurrence (54.2%). PSP was twice as common in men as in women, though women were significantly more likely to develop a recurrence (chi 2 = 7.58, df = 1, p < 0.01). Male height was the second most important factor, and smoking cessation the only other variable which significantly influenced the risk of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of several potential risk factors revealed that recurrence was not related to the BMI of the patient, the initial treatment of the pneumothorax, nor to its size. Recurrence was more common in taller men and in women. Smoking cessation appeared to reduce the risk of recurrence. These findings are discussed in the context of the possible aetiology of spontaneous pneumothorax, recurrences, and the management thereof.

Adolescent↗