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R Takano

Publications and source records attributed to R Takano.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[On the assessment criterion for creative thinking].

The quantitative evaluation of creative responses in TCT (Test for Creative Thinking) has elucidated various problems. In order to evaluate responses qualitatively, four basic categories were set up. They were constructed according to the degree of freedom of responses from the task-setting. The category, Td (Task-dependence) refers to responses that are entirely influenced by the task-setting. Tm (Task-modification) is for responses which are produced more flexibly than Td, but still influenced by the task-setting. Responses which are made by attending to only a part of the task-setting and neglecting the rest are judged Ho (Homomorphosis). Moreover, responses which are quite free from the task-setting are called He (Heteromorphosis). This He is thought to be the most creative response, and if it appears rarely. When 123 junior high-school students were tested using TCT, He responses appeared least, in four (only 20.3% of the subjects), while Td's were produced by 99.2% of the subjects. Ho's were lower than Tm's and Td's in frequency. However, the validity of these categories is still to be pursued.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Reversible inhibition of aromatic hydroxylation of methamphetamine in rat liver microsomal preparations pretreated with methamphetamine.

The effects of a single and repeated administration of methamphetamine (MP) in vivo in rats on its own metabolism in vitro were investigated. In both cases, the p-hydroxylation of MP to p-hydroxymethamphetamine by a microsomal fraction from rat liver was inhibited for a period of 16 hr after the last injection of MP. This inhibition was diminished by dialysis of the microsomal preparations. In contrast, the reduced level of cytochrome P-450 in hepatic microsomes from rats pretreated with the SKF 525-A did not revert to the control value after dialysis. When microsomes were preincubated with N-hydroxymethamphetamine, which is the metabolite of MP and a potent substrate for the formation of a metabolic intermediate (MI) complex with cytochrome P-450, the content of the MI was increased and the MP-hydroxylation activity decreased in direct proportion to the length of the preincubation. These results suggest that the inhibition of MP-hydroxylation may be due to reduction of the level of cytochrome P-450 that accompanies the formation of the MI complex. Furthermore, it appears that the complex can be dissociated by dialysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Improvement of treatment of carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus, especially in reference to the transition in postoperative combined therapy].

It has become clear that postoperative combined therapy performed in our department has improved the prognosis of patients with carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus and changed the pattern of recurrence. In cases of postoperative radioimmunochemotherapy (a combination of 4000 rad of irradiation, with administration of 5-Fu and bleomycin, and the prescription of OK-432 and/or PSK after irradiation) was effective in preventing recurrence. In cases of n1(+) and n2(+), such therapy was effective in controlling local recurrence such as cervical and thoracic nodes. However, the 5-year survival rate of this group was 44.3%, indicating a need for more effective postoperative therapy. Thus, new radiochemoimmunotherapy (irradiation 4000R, 15-30mg/m2 x 2 CDDP, 2mg/body x 2 VDS) combined with three kinds of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-II (IL-II) and interferon (IFN)-alpha has been applied in cases of n1(+), n2(+). Postoperative aggressive chemotherapies (old protocol, PAM treatment with a combination of Pepleomycin, Adriamycin and Mitomycin: Or new protocol, F.CAV treatment with a combination of 5-Fu, CDDP, Adriamycin and Vindesine) were effective in improving the prognosis of patients with n3(+) and n4(+). The 5-year survival rate improved from 2.7% with other therapies to 20. 5% with this therapy.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1987

Modulation of neuronal MAO activity, 5-HT uptake and imipramine binding by endogenous substances in dog cerebrospinal fluid.

Addition of small amounts of dog cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inhibited both type A and type B monoamine oxidase (MAO) in dog brain mitochondria. The inhibition was competitive with 5-HT as substrate, but non-competitive with beta-phenylethylamine as substrate. Tricyclic antidepressants also exhibited competitive inhibition with type A MAO, but were non-competitive with type B MAO. The endogenous materials in CSF activate [3H]-imipramine specific, dose-dependent binding in dog brain preparations. The maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) increased, but the dissociation constant (Kd) was altered significantly in the presence of CSF. Addition of CSF induced a marked activation of uncompetitive [14C]-5-HT uptake in dog brain preparations. Moreover, there were reversibilities of the inhibition of MAO activity or of the activation of imipramine binding and 5-HT uptake by CSF substance after dilution experiment. These results indicate the possible presence of an endogenous psychotic drug-like substance in CSF.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Methamphetamine-induced behavioral alterations following repeated administration of methamphetamine.

Repeated administration of a large dose of methamphetamine (MA) (25 mg/kg, i.p. twice daily for 4 days) to mice enhanced locomotor activity and decreased stereotyped behavior following a subsequent injection of MA. Simultaneous determinations of catecholamines revealed a depletion of brain dopamine. The moderate doses of haloperidol significantly enhanced MA-induced locomotor activity in mice. A significant enhancement of MA-induced locomotor activity was observed in the rats pretreated with 6-hydroxydopamine into the striatum, and this effect correlated negatively with the striatal dopamine level. These results suggest that hypofunction of striatal dopaminergic neuron systems induced by repeated administration of MA may be one of possible mechanisms of the enhancement of MA-induced locomotor activity due to the decrease of stereotyped behavior.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Demonstration of endogenous inhibitors of monoamine oxidase in dog cerebrospinal fluid.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from dogs competitively inhibited A-form MAO, but was non-competitive with B-form MAO. Heat treatment of CSF (90 degrees C, 20 min) had no effect on the inhibition. Digestion with trypsin and chymotrypsin reduced the MAO inhibitory activity. After ultrafiltration of the CSF through a membrane to remove substances of greater than 5,000 M.W., significant inhibitory activity persisted. These results suggest that CSF contains endogenous substances that act like MAO inhibitor to inhibit A and B-form MAO, and these substances are peptides of less than 5,000 M.W.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Metabolism of methamphetamine, amphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine by rat-liver microsomal preparations in vitro.

Methamphetamine N-demethylation and p-hydroxylation activities of rat liver were located mainly in the microsomal fraction. The Km values for methamphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine demethylations were 1.0 and 1.6 mM, respectively. The Km value for amphetamine p-hydroxylation was 10.2 microM; substrate inhibition occurred at high substrate concn. Two Km values were obtained for the aromatic hydroxylation of methamphetamine (10.6 microM and 2.2 mM). N-Demethylation of methamphetamine and p-hydroxymethamphetamine were depressed in rats pretreated with 3-methylcholanthrene, CoCl2 or SKF 525-A. In rats pretreated with phenobarbital, methamphetamine demethylase was induced and p-hydroxymethamphetamine demethylase was depressed. The p-hydroxylation of methamphetamine and amphetamine in rats pretreated with phenobarbital, CoCl2, SKF 525-A or iprindole were depressed.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1977

Anthropophobia and Japanese performance.

Actors are not the only people who act on a regular basis--everyone does some "acting" in his everyday life. The merchant is acting when he pays compliments to his annoying customers. Neurotics often exaggerate their sufferings and assume poses in order to impress their therapists with the seriousness of their illness. When this acting is done so poorly that everyone but the person himself perceives its penny-dreadful nature, the neurosis might be designated a hysteria. Such dramatics can be observed not only in the demeanor of neurotics, but also in their symptoms. The unconscious and concealed acting revealed in the symptoms of neurotics, especially in those of anthropophobiacs, whose main concern is with their appearance in the eyes of others, is what I would like to examine in this paper. I will attempt to eludicate the psychopathology of a large element in Japanese neurosis--that is, of anthropophobia--in relation to unconscious acting.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Simultaneous determination of methamphetamine and its metabolites in monkey urine by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with selected ion monitoring.

A sensitive and specific gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of methampthetamine and its metabolites (amphetamine, p-hydroxymethamphetamine, and p-hydroxyamphetamine) in monkey urine. The method has been applied to the analysis of urine samples from monkeys singly and repeatedly treated with methamphetamine. We have shown that the repeated administration of methamphetamine causes the reduction of urinary excretion of aromatic hydroxylated metabolites. We propose that the method described here can be used for biological monitoring.

Amphetamine↗