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Biomedical subjects

R Tiller

Publications and source records attributed to R Tiller.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

[Autopsy in peri- and neonatology--an essential step in quality control. Data on autopsy frequency in Saxony].

In the framework of a general quality assurance compaign the working group for peri- and neonatology at the General Medical Council of Saxony has investigated the frequency, conclusiveness and development of autopsies in Saxony between 1992 and 1997/98. There were observable different autopsy rates depending on the degree of neonate maturity. Thus, the autopsy rate of stillbirths having birth weights from 500 to 999 g amounted to 79.7%, and that of stillbirths above 1000 g birth weight to only 59.4%. The abduction rate of neonates dying before day 7 of life was 65.7%. It is remarkable that the abduction rates declines from 79.1 to 62.9% in all weight classes of premature and full-term neonates from 1992 to 1997. The possible reasons for the decline of autopsies and the problems emerging for quality assurance are discussed.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1992

Thallium poisoning: an outbreak in Florida, 1988.

In October 1988, five of seven members of a Florida family were poisoned with thallium, constituting the largest outbreak of acute thallium poisoning in the United States since thallium was banned as a rodenticide in 1972. Three patients had an acute severe neuropathy with respiratory depression; one died. The other two had no symptoms. No cases were identified among nonhousehold relatives or friends, or in the community. Of the more than 100 environmental specimens collected at the family household and tested by atomic spectroscopy, three empty and four unopened glass soft drink bottles of the same lot number yielded thallium in a concentration fatal to humans. All family members who consumed the soft drink were poisoned (5/5) as compared with none of those who did not (0/2). Because poisoning was clustered to the family and police investigators provided evidence that the poisoning was deliberately targeted to the family, it was assumed that no other soft drink bottles contained thallium, and it was decided not to recall all soft drink bottles with the same lot number. A year later a neighbor of the family was arrested and convicted of the murder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Use of electronic data processing for quality control in perinatal medicine].

Pregnancy, delivery and neonatal period are influenced by many factors, which effect on perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity on the other-hand. Numerous parameters are to be recorded and analyzed for control of quality. With conventional technic of data processing this is only possible in large perinatological centers on a restricted scale. Therefore the electronic data processing project "perinatal medicine" was developed for recording important perinatological efficiency parameters. It was introduced in the practice of gynecological and infant hospital in Karl-Marx-Stadt.

Computers↗
PubMed1982

The antenatal use of ambroxol (bromhexine metabolite VIII) to prevent hyaline membrane disease: a controlled double-blind study.

A prospective double-blind clinical trial was carried out to determine whether ambroxol (bromhexine metabolite VIII) treatment (1000 mg/day for a period of 5 days) reduces the risk of hyaline membrane disease (HMD) in potentially premature infants. Amniocentesis was performed before the first and 24 h after the last application of ambroxol or placebo to assess the development of the total phospholipid phosphorus content, the L/S ratio, the P/S ratio, and the properties of the surface tension of the amniotic fluid after ambroxol or placebo. There were 246 infants born to 224 mothers. Of the 116 infants with less than or equal to 36 completed weeks' gestation, 56 were in the ambroxol and 60 in the placebo group. No differences between groups occurred in risk factors for HMD (diabetes, asphyxia, male sex, cesarean section). Statistically significant differences in favor of the infants in the ambroxol group were found in the HMD incidence: 23.2% in the ambroxol group compared with 41.7% in the placebo group (p less than 0.05). There was no reduction of the HMD incidence in the less than or equal to 32-week gestational age category in the ambroxol group compared with the placebo group inspite of the fact that all the examined parameters for determining lung maturity reflected a stimulatory effect of ambroxol compared with the results of the placebo group, particularly before the 33rd week of gestation. Prolonged rupture of the membranes played no protective role against HMD.

Ambroxol↗
PubMed1981

[Obstetric and neonatological aspects relating to incidence and importance of respiratory distress syndrome in prematurely born infants (author's transl)].

Morbidity and mortality due to respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) were analysed for 225 infants prematurely born between the 28th and 36th weeks of pregnancy in 1978. RDS morbidity accounted for 40 per cent, when based on enlarged clinical diagnosis, and for twelve per cent, when based only on radiographic thorax findings of phases II, III, and IV, according to Giedeon, and on histological post-mortem findings from the lungs. Early RDS mortality was found to be 7.5 per cent.--The rates of severe membrane syndromes and early deaths due to RDS were statistically reduced only in one pregnancy group, that is between the 31st and 32nd weeks, following prenatal Prednisolut prophylaxis. No death of infants occurred beyond the 33rd week of pregnancy, and no severe case of RDS was any longer recorded beyond the 34th week. Infants delivered by caesarean section were much more strongly exposed than others to hypoxia. Therefore, no valid information could be established about the impact of caesarean section on the development of RDS.--Conclusions are drawn from the above findings as to obstetric approach to imminent premature birth or to planned premature delivery.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of scoring system of the chest radiograph in cystic fibrosis: a collaborative study.

A collaborative study including 16 cystic fibrosis centers, 22 observers, and more than 1,700 independent observations was undertaken to validate the reproducibility of a scoring system for evaluation of chest radiographs of patients with cystic fibrosis. Five large and 10 small centers were randomly selected by the project statistician. A total of 40 pairs (frontal and lateral) of chest radiographs representing varying degrees of severity was selected by a physician not involved in scoring. Duplicates of these films, identified only by code number, were scored independently by pediatric clinicians (small centers) and by both clinicians and radiologists (large centers). Data collection was complete for all observers. Analysis of the data confirms a moderately high degree of reproducibility by and among observers and indicates that this scoring system could be used in the assessment of patients with cystic fibrosis.

Alabama↗
PubMed1979

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in children.

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are a life-threatening, but curable, cause of persistent cyanosis in children. Abnormal communications may be single or multiple and are usually in the lower lobes. Three patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations have recently been managed at this hospital. Ranging in age from 2 to 4 yr, all were female, all were from families with Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, and all underwent pulmonary angiography with confirmation of diagnosis. All have had uneventful resection, one of the left lower lobe, one the right upper lobe, and the other the right middle and lower lobes.

Arteriovenous Malformations↗
PubMed1979

[Clinical experience obtained from attention to and delivery of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus with insulin treatment required (author's transl)].

Perinatal mortality recorded from 87 patients with diabetes mellitus requiring administration of insulin was 6.66 per cent between 1975 and 1977. The authors' results are compared with those obtained at different obstetric centres and discussed. Optimum regulation of metabolism and full utilisation of all diagnostic facilities available during pregnancy were found to be essential to individual delivery in the closest possible vicinity of the calculated term.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Specific suppression of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion in gonadectomized male and female rats with intrasplenic ovarian transplants.

Adult male and female rats received an ovarian homotransplant under the kidney capsule or in the spleen 14 days after gonadectomy. After transplantation under the kidney capsule, the high levels of both LH and FSH normally observed after gonadectomy decreased to the levels found in intact male and female rats. After transplantation into the spleen, however, the serum levels of LH increased still further, although a decrease was observed in the level of FSH. In male rats, the concentrations of oestradiol-17beta in the plasma increased from 17 to 56 pg/ml after transplantation of an ovary under the kidney capsule; the concentration was not increased after intrasplenic ovarian transplantation. In female rats with an intrasplenic transplant, the uterine weight did not increase and vaginal smears were not cornified. Administration of oestrogen and progesterone to produce approximately the concentrations found in rats with an intrasplenic transplant did not result in decreased concentrations of FSH. These results suggest that the ovary secretes a substance with specific FSH-suppressing activity, which is not inactivated by the liver.

Animals↗