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Biomedical subjects

R Troccoli

Publications and source records attributed to R Troccoli.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Urothelial toxicity following conditioning therapy in bone marrow transplantation and bladder cancer: morphologic and morphometric comparison by exfoliative urinary cytology.

Since cyclophosphamide and busulphan used for therapy of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can cause urothelial cell changes similar to those found in bladder cancer, comparative morphologic and morphometric urinary cytologic research was carried out, examining 812 urine samples taken from 121 patients undergoing BMT and 60 urine samples from 20 patients with bladder cancer. The morphological results showed some differences in the characteristics of the urinary sediment in urothelial toxicity caused by conditioning therapy in BMT and in bladder cancer; among these were background, cellularity, leukocytes, urothelial cell arrangement, cell shape and size, vacuolization, mitosis, and nucleoli. A comparative morphometric study was also carried out, showing differences regarding cell area, nuclear area and perimeter, and N/C ratio, especially between well-differentiated bladder cancer and urothelial toxicity.

Bone Marrow Transplantation↗
PubMed1992

Lipid-associated sialic acid levels in human breast cyst fluids.

Benign mammary gross cystic disease is the most common breast lesion. Women with apocrine changes of epithelium lining the cysts are at higher risk for developing breast cancer than the normal female population. Sialic acid has drawn considerable interest because of carbohydrate aberrations in malignant cells. The current investigation determined the concentrations of lipid-associated sialic acid (LASA) in 62 breast cyst fluids and sera. Data analyses show a significant increase in the mean values of LASA in metabolically active apocrine cysts when compared to the cysts with Na+/K+ > 3 (flattened cysts) (p < 0.001). The greater LASA levels in cyst fluids with lower intracystic Na+/K+ ratios could represent an altered expression of biosynthetic activity of the surrounding apocrine cell surface sialoglycolipid metabolism, providing a possible explanation of why women with apocrine cysts may be at greater cancer risk and being useful in further studies on functional stage changes in the cysts and their relationship to breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Improved "electrophoretic map" of breast cyst fluid proteins.

Human breast cyst fluid (BCF) proteins were evaluated by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) after protein denaturation in the presence or absence of 2-mercaptoethanol. Both electrophoretic techniques yielded characteristic and reproducible banding patterns and achieved a high degree of resolution. The known four major protein bands were identified; silver-staining procedure resulted in more discrete bands (at least 13). Crossed-immunoelectrophoresis analyses of BCF allowed an improved protein mapping of this pathological fluid, presenting the opportunity of simultaneous quantification and identification of at least 22 proteins. The clinical and biological potential of these electrophoretic methods for detecting BCF proteins is discussed.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗
PubMed1990

Ferritin and transferrin levels in human breast cyst fluids: relationship with intracystic electrolyte concentrations.

The concentrations of sodium and potassium and the content of ferritin and transferrin, proteins considered as potential markers for identifying cells undergoing divisional activity, were measured in fluid from 30 human breast cysts. On the basis of the relative electrolyte concentrations, two main classes of cysts were defined. When the cyst fluids were subdivided according to their Na+/K+ ratio, a significant difference was found between menstruating vs. menopausal patients. The relationship between the two major iron-binding proteins and the Na+/K+ ratio may indicate the expression of a local higher biosynthetic activity in apocrine cysts associated with higher cancer risk.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1990

[Serum levels of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in cigarette smokers].

In order to show the accumulation of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in smokers, levels of these metals in serum were determined in 108 subjects: 32 non-smokers, 37 average cigarette smokers and 39 heavy cigarette smokers. The analysis was carried out by potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) with the Tecator "Striptec System". Backward oxidation time of the amalgamated metals, by means of electrolysis, in a thin "film" of mercury in an electrode, gives their concentration measure. Our data showed an increase in average values of Cd and Pb in the serum of heavy smokers compared with average and non-smokers. Instead, as regards Cu and Zn, no differences were found in the two groups of smokers compared with the non-smokers used as controls. Results obtained of the Cd and Pb levels in serum are compatible with the presence of these metals in cigarette tobacco and inhaling them could contribute to disease connected with their accumulation in the human organism. For these subjects the increase in Cd values is of particular importance as it could predispose pulmonary emphysema.

Cadmium↗
PubMed1990

[Histochemical demonstration of CEA in pathology of the colorectum].

The evaluation of CEA serum levels and CEA tissue staining is one of the most common parameters used to help in the diagnosis and prognosis of colon-rectum disease. To this aim, an immunohistochemical demonstration of the CEA was carried out with the ABC staining system in sections of normal and diseased colon. 24 patients with polyps of the large intestine, 17 with rectocolitis, 22 with colon-rectum cancer and 11 normal subjects were studied. Results were positive in 9, 1% of the normal mucosa, 37, 5% of the polyps, 41, 2% of the rectocolitis and 100% of the carcinomas. However, the CEA in the positive reactions showed different degrees of staining and different cellular localization. From our results it would appear that the intracellular localization of this marker is connected with the degree of atypia in the histological sections. Immunohistochemical localization of the CEA could therefore be useful, above all in assessing the prognosis of colon-rectum disease.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1987

Lactate dehydrogenase, isoenzyme patterns and cation levels in human breast gross cyst fluid.

In order to investigate the diagnostic and/or prognostic value of total activity and isoenzymatic patterns of lactate dehydrogenase, 24 human breast gross cystic fluids were studied. A comparison of total lactate dehydrogenase activity to the serum level revealed an increased activity in about 63% of the cases examined; moreover, a significant increase in the slow-moving lactate dehydrogenase 4 and 5 isoenzymes was observed in some cyst fluids. The levels of Na+ and K+ concentrations were also analyzed and two classes of cysts were identified: one presenting Na+ and K+ levels similar to those found in extracellular compartment; the other with high K+ and low Na+ levels, characteristic of an intracellular fluid. This latter pattern could indicate an active metabolism of the epithelial cells lining the cysts. This breast cyst fluid also showed increased levels of lactate dehydrogenase 4 and 5 isoenzymes. The correlation between an increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase 4 and 5 isoenzymes and high K+ and low Na+ levels could be the expression of a high biosynthetic activity and of an anaerobic metabolism in some cysts, suggesting the evolution of the breast gross cyst lesion to malignancy. The importance of these observations is discussed.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1987

[Carcinoembryonic antigen in a review of cases in the literature].

Literature analysis of CEA serum levels tested in 21,147 patients, with non neoplastic and neoplastic disease of various organs, are reported. The sensitivity, the specificity, the positive and negative prognostic trend and the effective value of test in different pathologic situations are evaluated on the basis of organ localization and embryological origin.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1985

Alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin, alkaline phosphatase, phosphohexoseisomerase and gamma-glutamyltransferase in breast cyst fluid.

The levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin, alkaline phosphatase, phosphohexoseisomerase and gamma-glutamyltransferase were measured in 32 samples of breast cyst fluid, and a wide range of values was obtained. The levels observed in some samples for these parameters, being similar to those of normal serum, might suggest a mechanism of plasma exudation for the formation of breast cyst fluid. Nevertheless, a comparison with the maximum normal serum reference value revealed very high levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase in all of the samples; about 50% also exhibited high levels of phosphohexoseisomerase. These results indicate that the formation of breast cyst fluid takes place with a specific local production, in addition to the mechanism of selective plasma exudation. Moreover, elevated transferrin levels in some cyst fluids are probably the expression of a high biosynthetic activity and could be diagnostically useful in the course of breast gross cystic disease. The importance of these observations from the point of view of diagnostic and prognostic trends are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Differential diagnosis of rejection and cyclosporin nephrotoxicity in organ transplantation using exfoliative urinary cytology].

Although the successful results sealing with Cyclosporin therapy in organ transplantation, side effects such as nephrotoxicity due to drug administration, are still partially solved especially concerning differential diagnosis versus rejection in kidney allograft. On this basis the authors evaluated the application of urinary exfoliative cytology for the monitoring of 110 patients who underwent kidney transplant under Cyclosporin regimen. Among them 33 cases showed direct and/or indirect cytopathic signs of nephrotoxicity induced by Cyclosporin, never observed on over 6000 urinary specimens of renal graphed patients treated with conventional therapy. The authors conclude that urinary exfoliative cytology is a useful, safe and easily repeatable method for the differential diagnosis between rejection and Cyclosporin nephrotoxicity at early stage in kidney transplantation.

Cyclosporins↗
PubMed1984

[Clinical renal transplantation: exfoliative urinary cytology in the evaluation of nephrotoxicity induced by cyclosporin therapy].

Cyclosporine significantly improved the results in organ allograft, nevertheless the drug's potential nephrotoxicity is still causative of problems in differential diagnosis between rejection and graft failure due to Cyclosporine in patients who undergo kidney transplantation. The authors evaluate the effectiveness of a simple method as Urinary Exfoliative Cytology (UEC) in a group of 38 patients who received a kidney allograft and post operative treatment with Cyclosporine. The cytological parameters studied were the following: cytology: cellularity, background, urotelial cells, tubular cells, red cells, polinuclear cells, monocytes, histyocytes, lymphocytes, plasmacells, casts (from 0 to 4+). In all the patients was associated the immunological evaluation--lymphocytes subpopulation markers and function--and Cyclosporine serum levels, together with the hematochemical parameters. In 6 patients with a rise of serum creatinine level the UEC evidentiated intracytoplasmatic eosinophile inclusions in the proximal tubular cells, picture never observed in over 5000 UEC examination of patients treated with post-transplant steroids and azathioprine immunosuppressive regimen. Moreover a complete renal function recovery followed the Cyclosporine dose reduction. The authors conclude that the UEC in kidney allograft is a safe, simple and useful method to assess the early renal damage due to Cyclosporine and to make differential diagnosis between nephrotoxicity and rejection.

Cyclosporins↗
PubMed1984

[Cervicovaginal cytology in women wearing intrauterine devices].

Cervical and vaginal smears in 300 women using (a) intrauterine devices (IUD) and in 300 age matched control subjects (b), have been examined. In women using IUD, endometrial cells have been observed also in the second half of menstrual cycle, conversely these cells are present in women belonging to the control group, just in the first half of the cycle. Pattern of cervico-vaginitis due to Chlamydiae, Actinomyces and Eubacteria have been observed in higher percentage in women IUD wearers 58% of (a) group and 19.3% of (b) group (P less than 0.005). These patterns have often been characterized by the presence of repair cells. Implications in the evaluation of vaginal smears are discussed.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1984

[Cytology of breast cysts].

280 cytologic samples obtained by centrifugation of breast cyst fluids were studied. The results of the study on the cellular component and of the background are reported. The analysis was carried out on the cytomorphological aspects of the background, non epithelial cells, normal epithelial cells (foam, galactophoric, apocrine, papillary pictures) and malignant cells. Having described the single cytotypes, their diagnostic values in relation to other techniques are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Laboratory diagnosis in clinical renal transplants. II. Exfoliative urinary cytology in non-immunologic complications].

5,800 exfoliative cytology smears have been studied during the period 1979-1982. The study was performed as part of the monitoring in a group of patients who underwent kidney transplant at the II Patologia Speciale Chirurgica, University of Rome (Italy). Cytological findings related to non-immunological complications in the first postoperative period are described and discussed in detail. The urinary exfoliative cytology method in the differential diagnosis among ATN, ischemic tubular necrosis and viral infections, tested by sequentially repeated examinations, could allow a prompt diagnosis before the evidence of clinical and hematochemical signs of renal damage.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Laboratory diagnosis in clinical renal transplants. III. Exfoliative urinary cytology in immunologic complications].

The authors summarize their experiences on cytological monitoring in kidney allografts performed at II Patologia Speciale Chirurgica, University of Rome (Italy), during the period 1979-1982. The different aspects of the urinary exfoliative cytology dealing with the post transplant immunological complications, and the differential cytomorphological criteria are described in detail. A good correlation among cytological, immunological and clinical parameters has been observed in 78% of the examined patients. Moreover the cytological findings allowed in 90% of cases an early diagnosis of rejection, increasing the possibility to successfully prevent an irreversible damage of the graft.

Acute Disease↗