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Biomedical subjects

R Tuck

Publications and source records attributed to R Tuck.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

The use of high doses of adrenaline in paediatric cardiac resuscitation.

Adrenaline has been used in cardiac resuscitation for many years, yet until recently its mechanism of action and optimal dosage remained poorly investigated or understood. Recent guidelines suggest the use of higher doses of adrenaline at an early stage in paediatric resuscitation. This paper examines the use of adrenaline in paediatric resuscitation and studies the arguments in favour of using higher doses than previously accepted.

Adrenergic Agonists↗
PubMed1994

Finger sudorometry and assessment of the sudomotor drive.

Sudorometry of the finger was carried out using the ventilated capsule method, the aim being to use the level of relative humidity within the sudorometer as an indirect measure of the sudomotor drive. Subjects inserted a finger through a diaphragm of a finger-shaped, temperature-controlled chamber which also contained the humidity sensor. Manoeuvres known to alter the sudomotor drive produced changes in chamber humidity. The relative humidity within the sudorometer became constant after local anaesthesia of the digital nerves and after upper limb sympathectomy, suggesting that fluctuations in the sudorometer output were dependent upon an intact autonomic nervous system. In an environment in which temperature was controlled and arousal effects from the process of measurement were minimised, chamber humidity always increased during a Stroop test, providing a rapid means of indirectly assessing sudomotor drive mechanisms.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1991

Growth of tracheal anastomoses: advantage of absorbable interrupted sutures.

Growth of the trachea after complete transection and anastomosis was studied in four groups of 1-month-old New Zealand white rabbits. The trachea was transected at the fifth cartilaginous ring and then anastomosed with continuous 6-0 polypropylene (Prolene) (group 1), interrupted 6-0 polypropylene (group 2), continuous 6-0 polydioxanone (PDS) (group 3), or interrupted 6-0 PDS (group 4). The animals were followed up for 90 to 103 days (mean follow-up, 95 days). At the time the animals were killed, body weight had increased 125% (1.2 to 2.7 +/- 0.18 kg). Growth of the trachea was assessed at the time of death. Results from this study suggest that growth of a tracheal anastomosis is retarded in a growing animal model. The degree of resultant stenosis was significantly less when an absorbable suture material (PDS) and an interrupted suturing technique were used.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1986

Pseudoaneurysm complicating superficial temporal artery-superior cerebellar artery bypass.

A 60-year-old man with vertebrobasilar ischemia unrelieved by anticoagulation was found to have a midbasilar stenosis with an inadequate basilar collateral circulation. He underwent a right superficial temporal-superior cerebellar artery bypass. Following this operation he had a subarachnoid hemorrhage and right third nerve palsy that was due to formation of a pseudoaneurysm at the site of the anastomosis. This aneurysm was managed by ligation of the right superficial temporal artery. Subsequently it became necessary to perform a left superficial temporal artery-superior cerebellar artery bypass because of severe posterior circulation ischemic symptoms.

Cerebellum↗
PubMed1986

Severe autonomic neuropathy in amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis.

Autonomic neuropathy, although reported to occur in 15% of patients with AL primary) amyloidosis, is extremely rare in AA (secondary) amyloidosis. We report a patient with amyloidosis secondary to rheumatoid arthritis in whom autonomic neuropathy resulted in severe and disabling orthostatic hypotension. Extensive amyloid deposits were found throughout the autonomic nervous system.

Amyloid↗
PubMed1984

Nifedipine attenuates acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in awake piglets.

The calcium channel blocker nifedipine was administered to awake piglets to determine the drug's potential efficacy as a pulmonary vasodilator in newborns. We hypothesized that nifedipine attenuates acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in this age group. Hemodynamic and arterial blood gas measurements were made in 24 catheterized piglets, 10 +/- 3 days of age, while they breathed room air and then 12% O2, 4% CO2, and 86% N2 gas. Thirteen piglets were studied before and after infusions of 15 and 40 micrograms X kg-1 X min-1 of nifedipine prior to hypoxia to see if the drug prevents hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. In 7 animals, nifedipine was administered after the onset of hypoxia to see if the drug reduces ongoing hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Nifedipine significantly increased heart rate (56 +/- 28%) and cardiac output (48 +/- 45%) and decreased systemic artery pressure (-11 +/- 7%) and systemic vascular resistance (-37 +/- 18%) compared with pretreatment values under normoxic conditions. Pulmonary artery pressure increased (28 +/- 21%) after nifedipine treatment, but total pulmonary resistance remained unchanged during normoxia. Nifedipine did not reduce pulmonary artery pressure compared with pretreatment values during hypoxia, but reduced the elevation in total pulmonary resistance associated with hypoxia by 45 to 99% in a dose-dependent manner. We conclude that nifedipine vasodilates the constricted pulmonary vasculature associated with hypoxia in newborns but that this effect is manifested primarily by a rise in cardiac output rather than by a reduction in pulmonary artery pressure in this age group.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Defective Candida killing in childhood malnutrition.

This study shows that malnourished children have impaired candidacidal activity of leucocytes, a finding which runs parallel to the higher rates of isolation of Candida sp. from throat secretions. In well nournished subjects the mean candidacidal ability was 44.5% in the moderately undernourished group it was 17.6%, and in the severely malnourished group it was 13.7%. This impaired candidacidal capacity may be important in the establishment of large numbers of Candida sp. which are commonly found in the upper intestine and in the pathogenesis of diarrhoea in children with malnutrition.

Adult↗