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Biomedical subjects

R V Azad

Publications and source records attributed to R V Azad.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Changing profile of retinopathy of prematurity.

The aim of this study was to determine the evolving trends of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit. In an ongoing screening programme for ROP, we estimated the incidence of ROP among at-risk neonates in a tertiary care unit. We compared our data over the last 12 months (1999-2000; period II) to the previously published data (1993-94; period I) to study changes in the spectrum of the disease. The overall incidence of ROP in period II was not significantly different from the incidence in period I (32 vs. 20 per cent, p > 0.05). However, a decreasing trend in the proportion of severe ROP (stage III) from 46 to 21 per cent in the later period was noted. The need for cryotherapy also dropped significantly compared with the earlier period (8 vs. 46 per cent respectively, p < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, apnea (p < 0.001; RR = 12.5; 95 per cent CI, 3.03-50.9; clinical sepsis (p < 0.001; RR = 5.7; 95 per cent CI, 1.6-20.7); and male sex (p < 0.001; RR = 6.3; 95 per cent CI 1.6-25.5) emerged as significant risk factors. Although the incidence of ROP is static, the more severe form of the disease (stage III) is showing a decline. Our data suggests that efficient management of apnea and sepsis may be crucial in further minimizing the risk of ROP.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Phacoemulsification combined with silicone oil removal through a posterior capsulorhexis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the technique of silicone oil removal through a posterior capsulorhexis combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. SETTING: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Center for Ophthalmic Sciences, New Delhi, India. METHODS: Fifteen eyes of 15 patients had phacoemulsification with removal of silicone oil, which had been used for intraocular tamponade after a previous pars plana vitrectomy. Eyes with a stable retina were included in the series. In all eyes, the silicone oil was removed through a planned posterior capsulorhexis after phacoemulsification. The parameters evaluated were the primary diagnosis, duration between silicone oil instillation and phacoemulsification, type of cataract, preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuities (BCVAs), and complications such as frequency of retinal redetachment and secondary cataract. RESULTS: Vitreoretinal surgery with silicone oil instillation was performed for rhegmatogenous-tractional detachment resulting from Eales' disease in 6 eyes and from proliferative diabetic retinopathy in 2 eyes, for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 6 eyes, and for traumatic rhegmatogenous detachment in 1 eye. The mean duration between the silicone oil instillation and phacoemulsification was 7.5 months +/- 3.8 (SD). Fourteen eyes had posterior subcapsular cataract, and 10 had nuclear sclerosis. Preoperative BCVA was worse than 6/60 in all eyes. The BCVA was 6/60 or better in 9 eyes after a minimum follow-up of 6 months. Two eyes had choroidal detachment in the early postoperative period. No eye had vitreous hemorrhage, retinal redetachment, secondary cataract, clinically significant endothelial decompensation or macular edema, or a dislocated IOL. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that silicone oil removal through a posterior capsulorhexis during phacoemulsification is a viable option and can be performed in selected cases of cataract with previous silicone oil instillation and a stable retina.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Contrast sensitivity following focal laser photocoagulation in clinically significant macular oedema due to diabetic retinopathy.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of focal aser photocoagulation on contrast sensitivity in diabetic patients with clinically significant macular oedema (CSMO). METHODS: A prospective non-comparative interventional study was performed on a group of patients with CSMO at Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, New Delhi, a tertiary eye care centre. Thirteen diabetc patients (14 eyes) with CSMO and no history of prior photocoagulation were recruited for this study. Direct focal photocoagulation of all leaking microaneurysms was performed using an argon green laser (514 nm). A contact lens was used as a slit lamp delivery system. Evaluation of the best corrected Snellen visual acuity, contrast senstivity, slit lamp biomicroscopy, macular status on direct ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography was carried out 1 month and 3 months after laser photocoagulation. RESULTS: Following direct focal laser photocoagulation, focal CSMO resolved completely in all but one eye, 4-8 weeks later, as seen on slit lamp biomicroscopy and/or fluorescein angiography. Post-treatment, visual acuity remained stationary in eight eyes, improved by one line in three eyes, by two lines in two eyes and by three lines in one eye. The mean +/- SD pretreatment and post-treatment decimal visual acuities were 0.49+/-0.30 and 0.59+/-0.28, respectively. The mean +/- SD pre-laser contrast sensitivity score was 121.3+/-83.6, which increased significantly to a mean +/- SD of 151.6+/-80.5 fo lowing direct focal photocoagulation. CONCLUSION: Focal argon laser photocoagulation in CSMO in diabetics helps in improving the contrast sensitivity and stabilizes the visual acuity. The changes in contrast sensitivity and visual acuity are independent of each other.

Contrast Sensitivity↗
PubMed1997

Modified needle drainage of subretinal fluid for conventional scleral buckling procedures.

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of a new technique used to drain subretinal fluid (SRF) during conventional scleral buckling procedures. The procedure was performed on 15 patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in whom drainage of SRF was necessary during the surgery. It was successful in all but 1 case. The only significant complication was subretinal hemorrhage from the punctured choroid in 1 case, which resolved spontaneously without subsequent complications. This technique reduced the risk of complications during external SRF drainage, especially retinal and vitreous incarceration.

Body Fluids↗
PubMed1994

Topical atropine and timolol therapy in failed retinal detachment surgery.

We conducted a double-blind randomized prospective study to evaluate the efficacy of topical timolol alone and topical timolol and atropine combined in cases of operated failed retinal detachment surgery cases in which no apparent open break explained the surgical failure. In both groups with and without proliferative vitreoretinopathy no statistically significant difference in retinal reattachment was found.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1990

Subretinal fluid in the diagnosis of posterior scleritis.

The etiology of subretinal mass lesions is very difficult to establish. A 28-year-old man presented to us with an area of choroiditis, which progressed, despite corticosteroid and antibiotic therapy, to an exudative retinal detachment, secondary glaucoma and a painful blind eye. To develop a means of identifying the cause of such lesions, we did a subretinal fluid tap prior to enucleation. Cytopathology showed only inflammatory cells and the final histopathological diagnosis was that of a granulomatous scleritis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Does milk have a cataractogenic effect? Weighing of clinical evidence.

We undertook a prospective study to test Simoons' hypothesis that in certain susceptible races milk exerts a cataractogenic effect. Overall milk intake in low lactase deficiency areas did not correlate with cataract occurrence. Subgrouping of cataract patients revealed that greater milk intake did show positive correlation with cortical cataracts. Cortical cataracts were also markedly more common in females. Analysis of data from three different regions showed greater milk intake in cortical cataract patients only. Our data indicate the importance of specifying cataract type in cataract studies and highlight the problem this approach brings forth. We noted no different trends in subjects from northwest and southeast India, although the number of subjects from the southeast was considerably less. Patients with early cortical cataracts may be advised to restrict milk intake.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Photocoagulation of large iris cysts.

Large epithelial iris cysts, whose anterior walls are in contact with the corneal endothelium, are difficult to treat. Initial surgical decompression with later argon laser photocoagulation has been advocated, but the attendant complications are many. In four patients, we barraged the posterior wall of the cyst and the surrounding iris with the argon laser. The cyst was then collapsed using the argon or neodymium-yttrium aluminum garnet laser, and the anterior wall, which fell away from the cornea, was then photocoagulated. No recurrences or untoward sequelae were seen on follow-up. We recommend this noninvasive technique for all large iris cysts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Nerve fibre bundle defects and their perimetric correlation.

The importance of red-free fundus examination in revealing functional loss of the retinal nerve fibre layer is highlighted in some optic nerve diseases as corroborated by a good correlation observed between NFBDs and visual field defects. Red-free fundus examination could predict the site of a visual field defects, thus enabling the perimetrist to concentrate on that area and to detect field defects which were missed in a previous field examination. In cases of optic atrophy, the extent of nerve fibre layer loss correlated better with the functional loss in terms of visual acuity rather than the pallor of the disc, which was quite often misleading as an indicator of functional damage of the optic nerve. The technique of red-free fundus photography employed was fairly inexpensive and simple.

Fundus Oculi↗