PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R V Lin

Publications and source records attributed to R V Lin.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from pediatric patients in Singapore.

One hundred eighty Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from children at a pediatric hospital in Singapore from 1997 to 1999 were serotyped and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. Sixty-three percent of the isolates were resistant to penicillin. Significantly large numbers of the strains investigated were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (87.8%), tetracycline (71.7%), erythromycin (67.8%), and chloramphenicol (40%). Penicillin and multidrug resistance was mostly associated with the frequently isolated S. pneumoniae isolates of serotypes (serotypes 19F, 23F, 6B, and 14). Isolates of serotype 19F, the serotype most commonly encountered in Singapore (41.1%), had the highest prevalence of penicillin (78.4%) and multidrug resistance (94.6%). Most of the invasive S. pneumoniae isolates (8 of 17; 47. 1%) were of serotype 14.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

Increasing antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The presence of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae has become a major clinical problem in several parts of the world. However, there is a lack of data from Southeast Asia. We therefore initiated a study to determine the serogroups/serotypes and antimicrobial susceptibilities of clinical strains of S. pneumoniae isolated in our laboratory. In 1995, we isolated 144 strains of S. pneumoniae. Thirty-six (25.0%) strains were resistant to penicillin of which 19 (13.2%) were highly resistant (minimal inhibitory concentration > 1.0 microgram/ml). Thirty-eight (26.4%) strains were resistant to erythromycin, 75 (52.1%) were resistant to tetracycline, 48 (33.3%) were resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and 29 (20.1%) were resistant to chloramphenicol. Twenty of the penicillin-resistant strains also had diminished susceptibility to ceftriaxone. Strains resistant to penicillin belonged to serogroups/serotypes 6 (n = 1), 9 (n = 1), 23 (n = 4), 14 (n = 6) and 19 (n = 20). Children under 5 years of age were more likely than older children and adults to have isolates resistant to penicillin (52.9% versus 16.2%, P = 0.00002). Penicillin-resistant strains were more likely than penicillin-susceptible strains to be multidrug-resistant (86.1% versus 7.4%, P < 0.000005). We concluded that there is a high prevalence of penicillin-resistant pneumococci in our isolates especially among very young children. Most penicillin-resistant strains belong to serogroup 19 and are also resistant to multiple drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Infections of the eye.

Infections of the eye range from the mild to the severe. They may affect the lid, conjunctiva, cornea, lacrimal apparatus, vitreous, orbit or retina. Common presentations, diagnostic methods and treatment are briefly described. The doctor should not only manage outpatients appropriately, but know when to seek the advice of the ophthalmologist when indicated. Common conditions which can be managed by the general practitioner include blepharitis, styes, chalazia and conjunctivitis. With increased use of contact lenses, infection of the cornea has become more common. Sight-threatening conditions like endophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis should be recognised and treated early.

Eye Infections↗
PubMed1996

Serotypes and antimicrobial resistance in Haemophilus influenzae in a hospital practice.

We studied the clinical spectrum, serotypes and antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus influenzae received by our laboratory. The majority of cases involved the elderly (more than 60 years old) and children under the age of 5 years. Most infections involved the respiratory tract and were caused by non-serotypable strains. Invasive infections (meningitis, septic arthritis and bacteraemia) were infrequent and were caused by both type b and non-serotypable strains. The estimated incidence of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children under the age of 5 years is at most 5 per 100 000 a year. Resistance to ampicillin (40.5%) and trimethoprim-sulfa (37.7%) was high and would affect the choice of antimicrobials used for treating Haemophilus influenzae infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Two cases of lower respiratory tract infection due to Chlamydia pneumonia in Singapore.

Chlamydia pneumoniae, previously known as Chlamydia psittaci strain TWAR, causes both upper and lower respiratory tract infection. We report the first two cases of culture-positive Chlamydia pneumoniae lower respiratory infection in Singapore. Both patients had underlying fibrosing alveolitis and presented with a history of prolonged productive cough and fever. Chlamydia pneumoniae was isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the absence of other pathogens. The patients responded clinically to three weeks of oral doxycycline therapy. Infection due to Chlamydia pneumoniae should be considered when a patient with community-acquired pneumonia fails to respond to the usual standard antimicrobial therapy.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1994

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and Cryptosporidium infection.

A child suffering from the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with intestinal cryptosporidiosis is reported. The child presented with profuse diarrhoea up to 15 episodes a day over a period of one week. Management was with intravenous rehydration and oral spiramycin. Diagnosis of intestinal cryptosporidiosis requires examination of multiple stool specimens by several concentration and staining procedures which aid in the visualisation of the oocysts. In the absence of an effective treatment for cryptosporidiosis, the cornerstone of management is mainly supportive therapy.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1991

Enterococci highly resistant to penicillin: characterizing isolates from Singapore hospitals.

Enterococci are increasing in importance as nosocomial pathogens and causes of severe sepsis in immunocompromised patients. From September to November 1989, a survey of 898 enterococcal isolates showed that 52 had acquired high-level resistance to penicillin and ampicillin (MIC greater than 100 mg/l). These were all Enterococcus faecium, did not produce beta-lactamase and showed high-level resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin as well. The majority were urinary isolates, but a few caused bacteraemia in severely ill patients. The potential spread of these highly-resistant enterococci would limit the therapeutic options for systemic infections.

Adult↗