Biomedical subjects

R V Rouse

Publications and source records attributed to R V Rouse.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Esophageal submucosal gland duct adenoma.

An 81-year-old man with a 3-year history of dysphagia underwent endoscopic resection of a 1-cm-diameter distal esophageal mass. Examination revealed a submucosal neoplasm with a circumscribed growth pattern composed of tubules, cysts, and papillae in association with a marked interstitial lymphoid infiltrate. The cyst lumens and papillae were lined by two to six layers of cytologically bland cuboidal to columnar cells with rare mitotic figures. The basal layer of cells was uniformly positive for smooth-muscle actin. Mucin-positive intracytoplasmic lumens were focally present, but cytoplasmic mucin was not seen. There was no evidence of Barrett's metaplastic epithelium. These features are similar to those in two, possibly three, previously reported cases of esophageal adenomas and bear a resemblance to sialadenoma papilliferum, a rare neoplasm of the minor salivary glands. Their clinicopathologic and immunohistologic features suggest that these neoplasms derive from the submucosal gland ducts. Comparison with the previously reported cases indicates that although the proportions of the various components (tubules, cysts, and papillae) may vary, all cases appear to pursue a slowly growing, clinically indolent course with no evidence of recurrence after complete resection.

Actins↗

PubMed1995

L-selectin and alpha 4 beta 7 integrin homing receptor pathways mediate peripheral lymphocyte traffic to AKR mouse hyperplastic thymus.

Before the development of thymic lymphoma, AKR mice undergo a striking lymphoid hyperplasia of the thymic medulla. We have previously shown that there is a marked increase in traffic of B and T lymphocytes from the periphery into the preneoplastic, hyperplastic thymuses of these mice, in contrast to the scant traffic of such cells to normal thymuses. The traffic of lymphocytes to lymph nodes and Peyer's patches is controlled in part by the interaction of lymphocyte adhesion molecules called homing receptors with their tissue-selective endothelial ligands known as vascular addressins. We have investigated the roles of homing receptors and vascular addressins in the traffic of lymphocytes to the AKR hyperplastic thymus. We demonstrate that development of hyperplasia is accompanied by an increase in the number of thymic medullary blood vessels with high endothelial venule morphology and expression of the peripheral node addressin (PNAd) and the mucosal addressin (MAdCAM-1). In vitro and in vivo functional assays show that the addressin/homing receptor pairs PNAd/L-selectin and MAdCAM-1/alpha 4 beta 7 are involved in lymphocyte traffic to the hyperplastic thymus. These results indicate that molecular adhesion mechanisms involved in tissue-selective migration of lymphocytes to peripheral lymph node and to mucosal lymphoid tissues play a role in the recruitment of B and T lymphocytes to the AKR thymus and thus in the pathogenesis of thymic hyperplasia.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

CD34 expression by gastrointestinal tract stromal tumors.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are neoplasms arising in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract that frequently show evidence of smooth muscle differentiation, either by their appearance alone or by immunohistology. A significant number of these neoplasms fail to react with any markers of muscle differentiation, however. A subset of these neoplasms have epithelioid features, and the presence of these features can give rise to confusion with other neoplasms, such as carcinomas and melanomas. Here we show that the CD34 monoclonal antibody My10 reacts with 19 of 23 (83%) of these lesions, including both those with and without epithelioid features. Five of 10 epithelioid and one of 13 spindled neoplasms lacked detectable muscle-specific actin (MSA), smooth muscle actin (SMA), and desmin; all six were CD34 reactive. Immunoblotting experiments show that the antigen on these stromal neoplasms has a molecular weight identical to that found on hematopoietic cells. The frequency and intensity of the reactivity of GISTs with anti-CD34 antibodies are distinctly higher than those reported for smooth muscle neoplasms of soft tissue and myometrium. This reactivity can be a useful adjunct in the diagnosis of difficult cases, especially in those exhibiting epithelioid morphology.

Actins↗

PubMed1994

A comparative immunohistochemical study of uterine smooth muscle neoplasms with emphasis on the epithelioid variant.

We evaluated the immunophenotypes of 22 spindled and 36 epithelioid uterine smooth muscle neoplasms (SMNs) and 16 extrauterine nongastrointestinal spindled smooth-muscle neoplasms for various markers. The epithelioid neoplasms were subdivided into two histological groups designated true and intermediate, the former showing typical epithelioid features and the latter showing epithelioid features that could be explained by cross-sectioning of blunt spindled cells. Desmin, muscle-specific actin, and smooth muscle actin were equally sensitive in detecting muscle differentiation in all these neoplasms. The true epithelioid variants were more frequently keratin positive but less frequently positive for vimentin, CD34 or the muscle markers, compared with their spindled counterparts. The intermediate epithelioid variants more closely resembled the spindled neoplasms in their immunostaining for muscle markers, vimentin, and CD34 but like the true epithelioid variants were relatively frequently positive for keratin. CD34 was positive in 36% of the spindled and 6% of the true epithelioid uterine SMNs, in most cases faintly. Antikeratin AE1 was positive more frequently than CAM5.2, with 18% of the spindled and 35% of the true epithelioid neoplasms being AE1 positive. The immunophenotype of uterine SMNs, including the epithelioid variant, permits their distinction from carcinomas based on their frequent reactivity for muscle markers in spite of their high rate of keratin positivity. They show sufficient overlap in immunoreactivity with endometrial stromal sarcomas to preclude definitive differentiation from them on immunohistochemical features alone.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed1994

Benign lymphangioendothelioma.

We describe a 40-year-old white man with a red-brown, indurated plaque on the proximal aspect of his right thigh. The lesion had been present since birth, and the patient had a 20-year clinical history of recurrent cellulitis in the same area. The histopathologic features of the lesion included permeation of the dermis by flattened, endothelium-lined channels without cellular atypia, hemorrhage, or inflammation. The endothelial cells were stained intensely with monoclonal antibody anti-CD34 (clone MY10). In addition, antibodies to factor VIII antigen, HLA-DR, smooth muscle actin, ICAM-1, and the lectin Ulex europaeus labeled the luminal cells. The basement membrane of the channels stained with anti-type IV collagen and laminin. Desmin-positive cells were abundant adjacent to the channels. Factor XIIIa stained both mononuclear cells and occasional dendritic cells in the perivascular area. Ki-67 immunolabeling could not be demonstrated on fresh or frozen tissue. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of both tight junctions and a well-formed, continuous basement membrane but the absence of Weibel-Palade bodies.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Detection of immunophenotypic abnormalities in paraffin-embedded B-lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

The authors analyzed the frequency of immunophenotypic abnormalities in 1,474 cases of routinely fixed, paraffin-embedded B-lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. B-lineage was determined by immunoreactivity for CD20 (L26, 92%); CD45RA (4KB5, an additional 3%) or immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain restriction (remaining 5%). CD45RA was found to be especially helpful on Bouin's-fixed or decalcified tissue and Ig staining was most helpful in plasmacytoid lesions. Coexpression of the T-cell marker CD43 (Leu-22) was the most common immunophenotypic abnormality, seen in 60% of mantle cell lymphomas (MCL), 39% of CLL/small lymphocytic lymphomas, 16% of diffuse large cell lymphomas (DLCL), but only 5% of follicular lymphomas (FL). Antibodies to CD45RO (A6 and UCHL1) and CD3 (polyclonal) were useful in distinguishing infiltrating T cells from B cells coexpressing CD43. Ig light chain restriction was the next commonest immunophenotypic abnormality, which was identified in 67% of plasmacytoid diffuse small cell lymphomas, 43% of MCLs, 35% of monocytoid B-cell lymphomas and 28% of FLs. Overexpression of bcl-2 oncogenic protein was observed in 71% of FLs (n = 96), but not in a control group of reactive follicular hyperplasias (n = 34). Combining two criteria increased the sensitivity of immunodiagnosis in certain circumstances.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed1994

Expression of CD34 by solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura, mediastinum, and lung.

Solitary fibrous tumors are rare neoplasms that most commonly involve the pleura, mediastinum, and lung. Because they lack distinctive histologic features, immunologic staining has frequently been employed to exclude other neoplasms in the differential diagnosis. Their reported phenotype to date is generally negative, notably for muscle-type actins, desmin, keratin, and S-100 protein. Although this testing is of some help, it does not serve to distinguish all processes in the differential diagnosis, and when it does, it places too great an emphasis on a negative finding to make a diagnosis. We report here that CD34 monoclonal antibodies reacted with 11 of 14 solitary fibrous tumors in paraffin sections. Thus, they provide a positive marker that distinguishes the solitary fibrous tumor from most elements in the differential diagnosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Infantile histiocytoid cardiomyopathy--myocardial or conduction system hamartoma: what is the cell type involved?

Primary myocardial diseases in the pediatric age group encompass a variety of metabolic, infectious, congenital, and acquired disorders, one of which is "histiocytoid cardiomyopathy." We describe clinical and pathologic features in two infants. Autopsy findings in the first case were consistent with sudden cardiac death. The second infant has survived for 2 years on antiarrhythmic therapy with amiodarone. Microscopically, cells with vacuolated to granular cytoplasm were grouped in fascicles, imparting a pseudonodular appearance, but following a distribution reminiscent of conduction fibers. Ultrastructurally, the cells lack a T-tubule system, possess scattered lipid droplets and desmosomes rather than side-to-side junctions, and contain leptomeric fibrils that predominantly marginate to the cell periphery without sarcomeres. Immunostaining of paraffin-embedded tissue reveals perimembranous immunoreactivity for muscle-specific actin, but not for the histiocytic markers CD68 (KP1) and lysozyme. Immunohistochemistry may be a practical alternative when tissue is not saved for electron microscopy. The clinical and pathologic features of this disorder in light of the current literature suggest that it may be hamartoma, possibly of conduction system origin.

Actins↗

PubMed1993

Atypical fibroxanthoma. Multiple immunohistologic profiles.

The clinical, histologic, and immunohistochemical features of 37 cases of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) are presented. Patients ranged in age from 13 to 95 years (mean, 69). Thirty AFXs occurred on the head and neck, and seven lesions developed on the trunk or extremities. The morphologic spectrum varied from a predominant spindle cell pattern with focal cellular pleomorphism to numerous bizarre epithelioid cells with multinucleated giant cells. The spindle cell component in these lesions ranged from 10 to 90% of the constituent cells. Most (31 of 37) AFXs also contained pleomorphic giant cells. Small numbers of S-100-positive dendritic cells were present in 11 cases. Five cases showed variable reactivity with anti-factor-XIIIa. Fifteen (41%) of the AFXs stained for muscle-specific actin or smooth muscle actin and 21 (57%) expressed CD68 (detected with monoclonal KP1), a monocyte-macrophage marker. Reactivity for these antigens was seen in all lesional cell types (spindled, epithelioid, and bizarre). Four immunologic profiles were observed: CD68 only (13 cases), actin only (7 cases), double positives (8 cases), and double negatives (9 cases). No significant differences in staining characteristics were observed in the head and neck versus the trunk and extremity lesions. These results expand the immunohistochemical spectrum of AFX, suggest the concept of heterogenous bimodal "fibrohistiocytic" and "myofibroblastic" phenotypes, and provide further evidence that an integrative, nonalgorithmic approach is necessary in the analysis of these and other spindle cell cutaneous lesions.

Actins↗

PubMed1991

Abnormalities in premigratory granule cells in the weaver cerebellum defined by monoclonal antibody OZ42.

The immunoreactivity in OZ42, a neural cell specific antibody that recognizes premigratory cerebellar granule cells, was examined in early postnatal wild-type and weaver mouse cerebella. We find that the OZ42-positive staining in the external granular layer (EGL) is first seen at postnatal day 1 in the most posterior and ventral aspect of midline cerebellum in the wild-type and heterozygous weaver mouse. By postnatal day 4 strong immunoreactivity is observed in the EGL of all cerebellar lobules. This staining is localized to a band of immunoreactive cells present at the interface of the EGL and the molecular layer (ML). In the homozygous weaver cerebellum, OZ42-positive staining is not seen until postnatal day 3. In the postnatal day 4 weaver cerebellum, immunoreactivity is considerably ligther than in littermate control cerebella, and found throughout the width of the EGL (i.e., not localized to the EGL-ML interface). This study demonstrates that the expression of a specific marker of granule cell development is abnormal in the granule cell population of the homozygous weaver mouse, a population of cells known to be intrinsically affected by the action of this mutant gene. In the light of previous studies, which have shown that the weaver phenotype is identifiable as early as the day of birth, and that the OZ42-antigen may be involved with the development process of axonal growth, it is reasonable to suggest that the weaver mutation results in an abnormality in the ability of granule cells to produce and/or stabilize axons.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Carcinomas with metaplasia and sarcomas of the breast.

The clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric characteristics of 34 cases of mammary carcinoma with metaplasia were compared with those of 20 cases of pure sarcoma of the breast. All 20 of the latter tumors showed the pattern of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. There were 20 cases of carcinoma with mesenchymal metaplasia, 7 cases of carcinoma with mixed epithelial (squamous) and mesenchymal metaplasia, and 7 cases of carcinoma with epithelial metaplasia (four mixed ductal/squamous and three pure squamous cell carcinomas). No patient with pure sarcoma had lymph node metastases develop; all nodal metastases were found in patients who had carcinoma with metaplasia, although in one case the carcinomatous component was seen only within a lymph node metastasis. Epithelial antigens were found not only within the epithelial elements of all cases of carcinoma, but also within the apparent mesenchymal elements of 44% of the carcinomas showing divergent differentiation. Flow cytometric analysis of eight cases of carcinoma with mesenchymal metaplasia showed aneuploidy/tetraploidy in six neoplasms. For patient management purposes, the distinction of pure sarcoma from carcinoma with metaplasia is important, but additional subclassification of carcinoma with metaplasia is of greater biologic than clinical interest.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Macrophages are the first thymic cells to express polytropic retrovirus in AKR mouse leukemogenesis.

AKR mice spontaneously develop T-cell leukemias in the thymus late in the first year of life. These neoplasms arise following the appearance in the thymus of a recombinant retrovirus but can be prevented by thymectomy, indicating a role for both virus and elements of the thymic microenvironment in leukemogenesis. The intrathymic appearance of recombinant retrovirus was examined at ages leading up to leukemogenesis in order to identify and characterize the microenvironments in which the virus is first expressed. A stromal cell, the macrophage, was found to be the first thymic element to produce detectable levels of recombinant retrovirus, approximately 12 weeks before thymocytes. This observation provides a mechanism to reconcile viral leukemogenesis with the requirement for an intact thymus. Thus, a nonlymphoid cell, the macrophage, may play a critical role in the development of lymphoid neoplasia.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Heterogeneity of epithelial marker expression in routinely processed, poorly differentiated carcinomas.

The application of immunohistochemical markers against epithelial antigens has proved useful for studying tumor differentiation and in aiding tumor diagnosis. However, the reactivity of various epithelial markers with poorly differentiated carcinomas (the situation in which they are most often used) has not been well established. As a result, it is unclear how negative results should be interpreted and how often more than one antibody may be needed to document the epithelial nature of poorly differentiated neoplasms. We studied 98 poorly differentiated epithelial tumors with AE1, CAM 5.2, and EMA to assess the use of these markers in their diagnosis. Both CAM 5.2 and EMA provided support for epithelial differentiation in 71% (70/98) of the cases, while AE1 stained 50% (49/98) of the tumors; CAM 5.2 was the single most useful marker in the subset of poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas, staining 20 (77%) of 26 tumors. Use of these markers in pairs increased the recognition of epithelial differentiation (at least one marker showing positive staining) as follows: AE1/CAM 5.2, 80% (78/98); AE1/EMA, 87% (85/98); and CAM 5.2/EMA, 99% (97/98). Thirty carcinomas stained with all three markers, 34 with two markers, and in 34 cases only one antibody supported epithelial differentiation. Twelve (21%) of 58 tumors showed evidence of S100 reactivity. None of the 71 cases to which PD7 was applied showed staining This study indicates that poorly differentiated carcinomas are heterogeneous in their expression of antigens recognized by AE1, CAM 5.2, and EMA. Moreover, these results quantitate the probability of reactivity with poorly differentiated carcinomas for each marker and support the use of one or more antibodies in a "backup" panel when a negative result is obtained with a single antibody and the diagnosis of carcinoma is still suspected.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1991

Traffic of peripheral B and T lymphocytes to hyperplastic, preneoplastic thymuses of AKR mice.

AKR mice develop hyperplasia of the thymus before the development of retrovirus-associated lymphoma at that site. This hyperplasia, first detectable in AKR/J mice by 4 weeks of age and in AKR/C mice by 4 to 5 months of age, is characterized by an enlarged thymic medulla that contains T and B lymphocytes. In contrast to the general population of thymocytes, most of these T and B lymphocytes have a mature immunophenotype that includes expression of high levels of the MEL-14-defined (gp90) 'homing receptor' for peripheral lymph node high endothelial venules. In vivo homing studies reveal a marked increase in traffic of peripheral lymphocytes (T more than B) to the hyperplastic thymuses of old AKR mice as compared to histologically normal thymuses of age-matched BALB/c and C57BL/Ka mice or young AKR mice. These changes correlate chronologically with changes in retrovirus antigen expression in AKR thymuses and suggest a role for the traffic of lymphocytes from the periphery to the thymus in response to local antigenic stimulation in the pathogenesis of thymic hyperplasia in AKR mice.

Aging↗

PubMed1990

Grafts of dissociated cerebellar cells containing Purkinje cell precursors organize into zebrin I defined compartments.

A prominent feature of the mammalian cerebellum is its organization into parasagittal compartments. One marker of such compartments is the zebrin I molecule that is expressed by bands of Purkinje cells (PC). In order to understand better the basis for the development of this organization, we have transplanted dissociated rat cerebellar anlage, taken during the period of proliferation of PC precursors, into kainic acid lesioned adult rat cerebellum. As previously observed, the resultant grafts exhibited trilaminar structures reminiscent of the normal cerebellum. In every case, the PC in the resultant grafts were organized into zebrin I+ and - compartments. In one case, most of the grafted PC were integrated into a region of PC deficient host molecular layer that was induced by pretreatment with kainic acid. Clear bands defined by zebrin I reactivity were seen where groups of the grafted PC had entered the host molecular layer. These bands did not correlate in distribution or size with host bands. Hypotheses compatible with these findings that involve specific and non-specific aggregation of PC are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

Transiently expressed, neural-specific molecule associated with premigratory granule cells in postnatal mouse cerebellum.

A rat monoclonal antibody (OZ42), raised against immature mouse granule cells, recognizes a region of the external granular layer of postnatally developing cerebellar cortex. This region, about three cells thick, is adjacent to the developing molecular layer and contains postmitotic, premigratory granule cells. The OZ42 reactivity commenced near postnatal day 3 (P3), the deep external granular layer was strongly reactive by P10 and this level was maintained while granule cells remained in the external granular layer (approximately P15). Isolated immature granule cells in cytospin preparations specifically reacted with OZ42. Reactivity was extranuclear and was substantially reduced when cells were prepared by trypsinization, suggesting that at least some of the antigen is associated with the outer surface of the plasma membrane. Other postnatal reactivity to OZ42 (P0 to P3) was found in a band of cells in the deep cortical layers overlying the corpus callosum through the entorhinal cortex, terminating adjacent to the hippocampus. Reactivity in some regions of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure was seen from P0 to P5. No reactivity of non-neural tissues was observed at any stage. In the embryo there was extensive staining of the CNS and PNS at E10 and E14, which was largely gone by E16. Weaver mutant mice examined for reactivity to OZ42 showed that the granule cell death and cerebellar disorganization in P10 homozygous mutants was associated with a substantial decrease in OZ42 reactivity in the external granular layer. At P14 and P20, OZ42 reactivity in the weaver external granular layer was restricted to single cells, rather than an entire layer of cells, further indicating that the OZ42 antigen is present on granule cells rather than the substratum. By Western analysis of non-reducing SDS-PAGE gels, OZ42 recognized a single band with the molecular weight between 120 and 145 kD in P10, but not adult cerebellum and BALB/c mice. An OZ42-specific band at 60-70 kD was also seen under reducing conditions and occasionally in non-reducing conditions. These bands were not recognized by antibodies against NCAM, L1 and AMOG. Immunoprecipitation and cross-blocking with antiserum to TAG-1 suggested that OZ42 recognized the same molecule in the mouse cerebellum that has been described in embryonic rat and mouse spinal cord. The developmentally regulated expression of the neural-specific molecule recognized by OZ42 in the postnatal cerebellum suggests it my be involved with the early stages of granule cell axon elongation.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

The distribution of MHC class I and II antigens on bronchial epithelium.

The distribution and degree of expression of Class I and Class II major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens on human lower respiratory tract epithelium were evaluated in five freshly obtained pneumonectomy and lobectomy specimens using an immunoperoxidase technique. Multiple sites were examined from each specimen, and two independent observers graded each sample as positive, equivocal, or negative compared with control slides. Interobserver agreement was high. From a total of 120 grade determinations, 114 showed complete concordance and only one showed a positive/negative discordance. Both Class I (HLA-A,B,C) and Class II (HLA-DR) antigens were uniformly and strongly expressed throughout the major, lobar, and segmental bronchi of each sample, the bronchiolar epithelium, and the alveolar epithelium. Paired samples of adjacent lower respiratory tract epithelium harvested with the fiberoptic bronchoscope and during pathologic examination, respectively, revealed an identical staining pattern for these antigens. Staining for HLA-DQ expression (a subset of MHC Class II antigens) was generally weaker and appeared more variable, with four negative, six equivocal, and 30 positive samples. Our observations demonstrate the widespread expression of Class I antigens on airway epithelium and reveal for the first time the ubiquitous nature of Class II MHC antigen (HLA-DR) expression throughout the lower respiratory tract. Furthermore, they attest to the adequacy of bronchoscopically obtained samples for immunologic staining. These results provide a basis for both a putative mechanism of bronchocentric rejection phenomena after human heart-lung transplantation and for the means to monitor it prospectively.

Biopsy↗

PubMed1989

Lymphomas presenting as histologically unclassified neoplasms: characteristics and response to treatment.

Malignant lymphoma is frequently diagnosed when immunohistochemical techniques are applied to otherwise unclassified neoplasms. In this analysis of 35 patients with a histologically unclassified neoplasm that expressed leukocyte-common antigen(s) (LCA), actuarial survival was 63%, and 45% of patients were free from disease progression at 30 months following treatment as for lymphoma. The clinical features at diagnosis and the results of combination chemotherapy were found to be similar to a group of patients with a diagnosis of diffuse large-cell lymphoma (DLCL) concurrently treated at this institution. This study further emphasizes the importance of improved diagnostic techniques in the management of histologically unclassified tumors.

Actuarial Analysis↗